The current state of bone loss research: Data from spaceflight and microgravity simulators
The current state of bone loss research: Data from spaceflight and microgravity simulators
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DOI：
10.1002/jcb.24454
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Risin, Diana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nagaraja, Mamta Patel;Risin, Diana
骨质流失是一个有据可查的现象，发生在人类在短期和长期的太空飞行。这种现象也可以在人类和动物中复制，也可以在基于细胞的类似物中建模。由于太空飞行不频繁，研究微重力对人体的生物医学影响也很昂贵，因此大部分已知的骨质流失病理学都来自实验研究。最常用的体外微重力模拟器是回转器，而体内模拟器包括人体卧床研究和动物后肢卸载实验。尽管有大量报告记录了多名船员的大范围骨丢失，但病理学仍然是一个关键问题，制定有效的对策仍然是一项主要任务。到目前为止，所提供的方法在预防或减轻宇航员和宇航员的骨质流失方面没有取得多大成功。这篇综述的目的是捕捉最新的研究骨丢失从航天飞行，卧床休息和后肢卸载，并在体外研究利用回转器的细胞模型。此外，这一审查提供了预测的研究重点，以确保最迅速的发展有效的对策。J.细胞。114：10011008，2013. (c)2012 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
Bone loss is a well documented phenomenon occurring in humans both in short- and in long-term spaceflights. This phenomenon can be also reproduced on the ground in human and animals and also modeled in cell-based analogs. Since space flights are infrequent and expensive to study the biomedical effects of microgravity on the human body, much of the known pathology of bone loss comes from experimental studies. The most commonly used in vitro simulators of microgravity are clinostats while in vivo simulators include the bed rest studies in humans and hindlimb unloading experiments in animals. Despite the numerous reports that have documented bone loss in wide ranges in multiple crew members, the pathology remains a key concern and development of effective countermeasures is still a major task. Thus far, the offered modalities have not shown much success in preventing or alleviating bone loss in astronauts and cosmonauts. The objective of this review is to capture the most recent research on bone loss from spaceflights, bed rest and hindlimb unloading, and in vitro studies utilizing cellular models in clinostats. Additionally, this review offers projections on where the research has to focus to ensure the most rapid development of effective countermeasures. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 10011008, 2013. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.