Osteological characters of birds and reptiles are more congruent with molecular phylogenies than soft characters are
Osteological characters of birds and reptiles are more congruent with molecular phylogenies than soft characters are
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DOI：
10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa136
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发表时间：
2021-07-14
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Sansom, Robert S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Callender-Crowe, Leah M.;Sansom, Robert S.
尽管基因组数据在系统发育学中的应用越来越多，但形态信息对于解决进化关系仍然至关重要，特别是对于化石分类群。相对于形态数据，分子序列数据的性质和演化模式已经较为成熟。此外，异质性，整合和相对同源的经验形态数据可能证明系统发育重建的问题。在这里，我们比较了28个现存蜥蜴的形态学数据集的骨学和非骨学特征，相对于分子树的同质性。对单个鸟类数据集的分析发现，骨学特征与分子数据的一致性明显高于软特征。在分子树上分辨出性状的年龄上，形态分区之间也存在显著差异。骨特征的改变发生相对较早的深分支，而软组织特征的转变更近的浅分支。综合结果表明，形态分区之间的进化动力学存在差异。与柔软特征的相对稳定性相比，这可能反映了作用于骨骼特征的进化约束。此外，它为化石数据的系统发育解释提供了一些支持，包括恐龙，主要是骨学。两栖动物和哺乳动物系统发育学的最新进展可能使这些模式能够测试所有四足动物。
Despite increased use of genomic data in phylogenetics, morphological information remains vital for resolving evolutionary relationships, particularly for fossil taxa. The properties and models of evolution of molecular sequence data are well characterized and mature, relative to those of morphological data. Furthermore, heterogeneity, integration and relative homoplasy of empirical morphological data could prove problematic for phylogenetic reconstruction. Here we compare osteological and non-osteological characters of 28 morphological datasets of extant saurians in terms of their homoplasy relative to molecular trees. Analysis of individual avian datasets finds osteological characters to be significantly more consistent with molecular data than soft characters are. Significant differences between morphological partitions were also observed in the age at which characters resolved on molecular trees. Osteological character changes occur relatively earlier in deep branches, whilst soft-tissue character transitions are more recent in shallow branches. The combined results demonstrate differences in evolutionary dynamics between morphological partitions. This may reflect evolutionary constraints acting on osteological characters, compared with the relative lability of soft characters. Furthermore, it provides some support to phylogenetic interpretations of fossil data, including dinosaurs, which are predominately osteological. Recent advances in amphibian and mammal phylogenetics may make these patterns possible to test for all tetrapods.