Advances in the floral structural characterization of the major subclades of Malpighiales, one of the largest orders of flowering plants
Advances in the floral structural characterization of the major subclades of Malpighiales, one of the largest orders of flowering plants
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DOI：
10.1093/aob/mct056
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Matthews, Merran L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Endress, Peter K.;Davis, Charles C.;Matthews, Merran L.
锦葵目是被子植物中最大的目之一，分子系统学研究表明锦葵目经历了彻底的系统重组。该分支已被排除在分子系统发育重建，但已成为更多的解决在超家族水平。它现在包含了如此多的新发现的分支，迫切需要进行比较研究，以了解它们的结构，生物学和进化。这是特别真实的，因为该命令包含一个巨大的多样性雨林物种，包括许多农业上重要的植物。这项研究是这一努力中的第一个广泛的系统步骤。它的重点是在所有最近确定的超家族分支的Malpighiales的花的比较结构的概述，并指向迫切需要attention.The花结构的系统发育比较分析的顺序是基于我们以前发表的研究四个超家族分支的Malpighiales，也包括四个相关的rosid订单（南蛇藤目，Crossosomatales，葫芦目，Oxalidales）。此外，这些结果是根据对3000多篇关于真双子叶植物所有核心目的大系统学、花结构和胚胎学的文献的调查汇编而成的，大多数新的Malpighiales超家族分支得到了花结构特征的支持。雌蕊群内部形态结构（即柱头裂片，子房室的内部形状，胎座式，闭孔的存在）和胚珠（即珠心的结构，珠被的厚度，珠被中维管束的存在，内珠被中存在内皮）似乎特别适合于描述Malpighiales内的超家族分支。尽管目前Malpighiales的系统发育重建与早期的版本相比有了很大的改进，它是不完整的，需要进一步集中的系统发育和形态学研究。一旦所有主要的分支Malpighiales阐明，更深入的研究有前途的结构特征可以进行。此外，一旦系统发育树的Malpighiales，包括密切相关的订单，更充分地解决，字符优化研究将有可能重建的顺序内的结构和生物特征的演变。
Malpighiales are one of the largest angiosperm orders and have undergone radical systematic restructuring based on molecular phylogenetic studies. The clade has been recalcitrant to molecular phylogenetic reconstruction, but has become much more resolved at the suprafamilial level. It now contains so many newly identified clades that there is an urgent need for comparative studies to understand their structure, biology and evolution. This is especially true because the order contains a disproportionally large diversity of rain forest species and includes numerous agriculturally important plants. This study is a first broad systematic step in this endeavour. It focuses on a comparative structural overview of the flowers across all recently identified suprafamilial clades of Malpighiales, and points towards areas that desperately need attention.The phylogenetic comparative analysis of floral structure for the order is based on our previously published studies on four suprafamilial clades of Malpighiales, including also four related rosid orders (Celastrales, Crossosomatales, Cucurbitales, Oxalidales). In addition, the results are compiled from a survey of over 3000 publications on macrosystematics, floral structure and embryology across all orders of the core eudicots.Most new suprafamilial clades within Malpighiales are well supported by floral structural features. Inner morphological structures of the gynoecium (i.e. stigmatic lobes, inner shape of the locules, placentation, presence of obturators) and ovules (i.e. structure of the nucellus, thickness of the integuments, presence of vascular bundles in the integuments, presence of an endothelium in the inner integument) appear to be especially suitable for characterizing suprafamilial clades within Malpighiales.Although the current phylogenetic reconstruction of Malpighiales is much improved compared with earlier versions, it is incomplete, and further focused phylogenetic and morphological studies are needed. Once all major subclades of Malpighiales are elucidated, more in-depth studies on promising structural features can be conducted. In addition, once the phylogenetic tree of Malpighiales, including closely related orders, is more fully resolved, character optimization studies will be possible to reconstruct evolution of structural and biological features within the order.