ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS OF INQUIRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS OF INQUIRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1759-5436.1994.mp25002004.x
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发表时间：
1994-04-01
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
PRETTY, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
PRETTY, J
长期以来，科学研究一直被实证主义所主导，它认为存在一个由不可改变的规律驱动的独立现实。因此，应该能够从绝对意义上界定可持续性。然而，替代范式的进展表明：任何精确定义可持续性的尝试都是有缺陷的;问题总是可以解释的;一个问题的解决不可避免地导致另一个“问题-情况”的产生，因为问题是地方性的;现在的关键特征是行动者不断了解这些变化的条件的能力，以便他们能够迅速采取行动，改变现有的活动;需要建立学习和调查制度，以寻求各利益攸关方的多种观点，并鼓励更广泛的参与和行动。这些调查系统是参与性的，从中产生的信息和行动是根据可信度标准框架来判断的。
Scientific investigation has long been dominated by positivism, which holds that an independent reality driven by immutable laws exists. Consequently, it should be possible to define sustainability in absolute terms. Advances in alternative paradigms, however, suggest: that any attempt precisely to define sustainability is flawed; that problems are always open to interpretation; that the resolution of one problem inevitably leads to the production of another 'problem-situation', as problems are endemic; that the key feature now becomes the capacity of actors continually to learn about these changing conditions, so that they can act rapidly to transform existing activities; and that systems of learning and inquiry are needed to seek the multiple perspectives of the various stakeholders and encourage wider involvement and action. These systems of inquiry are participatory in nature, and the information and action arising from them is judged by a framework of trustworthiness criteria.