Chemothermally Driven Out‐of‐Equilibrium Materials for Macroscopic Motion
Chemothermally Driven Out‐of‐Equilibrium Materials for Macroscopic Motion
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DOI：
10.1002/syst.202000024
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发表时间：
2020-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Muradyan;Z. Guan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Muradyan;Z. Guan
在自然界中，生命系统通过消耗和耗散能量来执行重要过程，从而远离平衡运行。生物系统使用化学衍生的能量来驱动失衡过程，通过在分子尺度上耗散能量来产生复杂的宏观运动。相比之下，创建在宏观尺度上运行的合成非平衡系统仍然是一个重大挑战。在这里，我们报告了一个化学燃料的非平衡系统，它可以执行宏观驱动并通过提升物体做功。我们通过用铜催化的叠氮-炔环加成（CuAAc）反应产生的热驱动聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）（pNIPAAm）水凝胶的低临界溶液温度（LCST）转变来实现这一点。反应完成后，热量消散到环境中，系统恢复平衡，完成一个循环的非平衡行为，可以通过添加新的化学燃料重复多次循环。
In nature, living systems operate far from equilibrium by consuming and dissipating energy to perform vital processes. Biological systems use chemically derived energy to power out‐of‐equilibrium processes to generate complex macroscopic motion by dissipating energy at the molecular scale. In contrast, it remains a major challenge to create synthetic out‐of‐equilibrium systems that operate on the macroscopic scale. Herein we report a chemically fueled out‐of‐equilibrium system that can perform macroscopic actuation and do work by lifting objects. We achieve this by driving a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) transition of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm) hydrogels with heat generated by a copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) reaction. Upon completion of the reaction, heat dissipates to the environment, and the system returns to equilibrium, completing one cycle of out‐of‐equilibrium behavior, which can be repeated for multiple cycles by adding new chemical fuels.