Regional spread and stand-scale establishment of Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies in Scandinavia
Regional spread and stand-scale establishment of Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies in Scandinavia
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DOI：
10.1890/03-0785
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发表时间：
2005-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Lindbladh, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bradshaw, RHW;Lindbladh, M
古生态学研究对缓慢的森林生态系统过程产生了新的见解，这些过程很少用标准的生态学方法观察到，但对生态系统功能有重大影响。区域花粉数据描述了树木的区域传播的广泛特征，但很少深入了解林分入侵的过程和干扰的促进作用。花粉和木炭数据从小森林空洞补充区域数据的研究云杉和山毛榉到斯堪的纳维亚半岛南部在过去的4000年。冷杉作为一个迁移前沿扩散，并优先入侵演替的白桦林，这在过去的1000年中，由于人类活动，白桦林在该地区变得特别普遍。冷杉的扩散也密切地跟踪着适宜区域气候的变化。F.林分建立前，林分与人为活动和火灾干扰有更直接的联系。F.森林树种优先入侵在过去2000年中大量减少的丰富的落叶林分类型。最近的范围减少F。森林化也可以归因于人类活动。林分尺度的古生态数据表明，立地条件和干扰是影响F. sylvatica比P.abies的优势更大，并有助于解释F.森林蔓延表现出一个斑块状的动态，而不是更平滑的迁移前的冷杉。
Palaeoecological studies are yielding fresh insights into slow forest ecosystem processes that are rarely observed using standard ecological methods, yet have major impacts on ecosystem function. Regional pollen data describe the broad features of the regional spread of trees but yield few insights into the processes of stand invasion and the facilitating role of disturbance. Pollen and charcoal data from small forest hollows are used to complement regional data in the study of the spread of Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica into southern Scandinavia during the last 4000 years. P. abies spread as a migrating front and preferentially invaded successional Betula stands, which had become particularly widespread in the region during the last 1000 years as a result of human activity. The spread of P. abies also closely tracked the changing area of suitable regional climate. The spread of F. sylvatica was more directly linked to anthropogenic activities and disturbance by fire prior to stand establishment. F. sylvatica preferentially invaded rich deciduous stand types that had declined in abundance during the last 2000 years. A recent range reduction of F. sylvatica can also be ascribed to human activity. The stand-scale palaeoecological data show how site conditions and disturbance are more important rate-limiting factors for F. sylvatica than for P. abies and help explain why F. sylvatica spread shows a patchy dynamic rather than the smoother migrating front of P. abies.