Clinical and pathological findings of a newly recognized disease of elephants caused by endotheliotropic herpesviruses
Clinical and pathological findings of a newly recognized disease of elephants caused by endotheliotropic herpesviruses
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DOI：
10.7589/0090-3558-36.1.1
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Hayward, GS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Richman, LK;Montali, RJ;Hayward, GS
描述了来自北美动物园的9头亚洲象（Elephas maximus）和2头非洲象（Loxodonta africana）的独特临床和病理结果，这些大象患有由新型亲内皮性疱疹病毒引起的高度致命性疾病。以前曾报道过通过分子技术鉴定病毒和该病的一些流行病学方面。共有引物聚合酶链反应（PCR）结合测序产生的分子证据证实了两种新的但相关的疱疹病毒的存在与疾病有关，一种在亚洲象中，另一种在非洲象中。疾病急性发作，伴有嗜睡、头部和胸部四肢水肿、口腔溃疡和舌头发绀，随后大多数动物在1 - 7天内死亡。3只临床评价动物中有2只的相关实验室检查结果包括淋巴细胞减少症和血小板减少症。两只受影响的年轻亚洲象在接受抗疱疹病毒药物泛昔洛韦治疗3至4周后康复。致死性病例的尸检结果包括心包积液和心脏和整个腹膜腔中的广泛瘀点、肝肿大、出血紫绀和整个心肌水肿，以及舌头、肝脏和大肠中的广泛微出血和炎症出血性病变。这些靶器官的病变伴随着毛细血管内皮细胞中的嗜中性至嗜碱性核内病毒包涵体。内皮包涵体的透射电子显微镜显示80至92 nm直径的病毒衣壳与疱疹病毒形态一致。疱疹病毒感染的病程很短，除了两头幸存的大象外，所有大象都突然死亡，这是由于疱疹病毒引起的毛细血管损伤引起的急性心力衰竭，伴有广泛的心肌出血和水肿。
The unique clinical and pathological findings in nine Asian (Elephas maximus) and two African (Loxodonta africana) elephants from North American Zoos with a highly fatal disease caused by novel endotheliotropic herpesviruses are described. Identification of the viruses by molecular techniques and some epidemiological aspects of the disease were previously reported. Consensus primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with sequencing yielded molecular evidence that confirmed the presence of two novel but related herpesviruses associated with the disease, one in Asian elephants and the second in African elephants. Disease onset was acute, with lethargy, edema of the head and thoracic limbs, oral ulceration and cyanosis of the tongue followed by death of most animals in 1 to 7 days. Pertinent laboratory findings in two of three clinically evaluated animals included lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. Two affected young Asian elephants recovered after a 3 to 4 wk course of therapy with the anti-herpesvirus drug famciclovir. Necropsy findings in the fatal cases included pericardial effusion and extensive petechial hemorrhages in the heart and throughout the peritoneal cavity, hepatomegaly, cyanosis of orrhages and edema throughout the myocardium and mild there were extensive microhemorrages hemorrhagic lesions with inflammation were evident in the tongue, liver, and large intestine. Lesions in these target organs were accompanied by amphophilic to basophilic intranuclear viral inclusion bodies in capillary endothelial cells. Transmission electron microscopy of the endothelial inclusion bodies revealed 80 to 92 nm diameter viral capsids consistent with herpesvirus morphology. The short course of the herpesvirus infections, with sudden deaths in all but the two surviving elephants, was ascribed to acute cardiac failure attributed to herpesvirus-induced capillary injury with extensive myocardial hemorrhage and edema.