Capacity for upregulation of emotional processing in psychopathy: all you have to do is ask.
Capacity for upregulation of emotional processing in psychopathy: all you have to do is ask.
复制标题
精神病患者情绪处理上调的能力：你所要做的就是询问。
DOI：
10.1093/scan/nsy088
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Groat,LindsayL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shane,MatthewS;Groat,LindsayL
从历史上看，精神病患者被描述为对负性刺激的慢性低反应性。然而，尽管大量的实证研究表明，精神病患者对情绪刺激没有表现出正常的反应，但这并不意味着他们不能这样做。为了试图区分这些替代方案，目前的功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）研究评估了具有不同PCL-R评分的罪犯对负性刺激的神经反应的上调（或下调）程度。参与者被要求自然地观看消极和中性的图像（被动处理），或者尝试增加或减少他们对图像的情绪反应（重复处理）。在被动处理过程中，高精神病罪犯表现出减少活动相比，低和中等精神病罪犯通过大多数情绪相关的区域。然而，当参与者被指示尝试增加他们的情绪反应时，所有组的相关区域都显示出增加的活动，包括左额叶皮层，眶额皮层和前扣带/内侧额叶皮层（ACC/mFC）。对参与者主观情绪评级的比较表明，所有组的神经/主观情绪指标都表现出对称性，而高精神病组可能表现出最大的对称性。这些发现表明，精神病患者可能能够表现出情绪反应的负价刺激，至少在某些条件下。传统的和发展中的精神病模型的相关性依次讨论。
Historically, psychopathic individuals have been described as suffering a chronic hyporesponsivity to negatively valent stimuli. However, while a wide body of empirical work indicates that the psychopath does not manifest normal reactivity to emotional stimuli, it does not similarly indicate that they cannot do so. To attempt to differentiate these alternatives, the current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study evaluated the extent to which offenders with varying PCL-R scores could up- (or down-) regulate their neural response to negatively valent stimuli. Participants were asked to either watch negatively- and neutrally-valent images naturally (passive-processing), or to try to increase or decrease their emotional response to the images (instructed-processing). During passive processing, high-psychopathy offenders showed reduced activity compared to both low- and mid-psychopathic offenders through a majority of emotion-relevant regions. However, when participants were instructed to try to increase their emotional response all groups showing increased activity throughout relevant regions, including left insula, orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate/medial frontal cortex (ACC/mFC). Comparison of participants' subjective emotion ratings indicated that all groups showed symmetry between their neural/subjective emotion metrics, and the high-psychopathy group may have showed the greatest such symmetry. These findings suggest that psychopathic individuals may be capable of manifesting emotional reactivity to negatively valent stimuli, at least under certain conditions. Relevance for traditional and developing models of psychopathy is discussed in turn.