Inequity aversion is observed in common marmosets but not in marmoset models of autism induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid.
Inequity aversion is observed in common marmosets but not in marmoset models of autism induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid.
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在普通狨猴中观察到了不平等厌恶，但在因产前接触丙戊酸而诱发的自闭症狨猴模型中却没有观察到。
DOI：
10.1016/j.bbr.2018.01.013
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kawai N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yasue M;Nakagami A;Nakagaki K;Ichinohe N;Kawai N
当两个个体之间的不平等被引入时，人类和各种非人类灵长类动物对不平等的负面反应（即不平等厌恶）。普通狨猴是一种高度亲社会的物种，它们进一步区分了在社会交流中相互回报的人类行为者和不这样做的人类行为者。相反，通过产前暴露于丙戊酸诱导的自闭症狨猴模型（VPA狨猴）没有歧视。有趣的是，之前关于狨猴不平等厌恶的研究得出了负面结果，或者仅限于雄性。最近的研究表明，不公平厌恶受到所从事的任务的高度影响。在这里，我们用一个需要相对长时间反应的新任务来展示雄性和雌性狨猴的不公平厌恶。狨猴被要求拿着勺子2 秒来获得奖励。当狨猴观察到一个不熟悉的同伴获得同样的奖励时，它们成功地完成了任务（公平测试）。然而，当他们看到伴侣因同样的努力而获得更有吸引力的奖励时（不公平测试），未暴露的狨猴，在胎儿时期没有暴露在丙戊酸或生理盐水中，拒绝做出反应。当伴侣不在时，这种不公平厌恶在未暴露的狨猴身上没有观察到。相比之下，胎儿暴露于丙戊酸的狨猴（VPA狨猴）无论其伴侣的奖励条件如何，都能成功地完成任务。由于产前暴露于丙戊酸是诱发啮齿动物自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）样行为的一个众所周知的过程，我们认为VPA狨猴由于对他人的社会动机或兴趣较弱而未能表现出不公平厌恶。
Humans and various nonhuman primates respond negatively to inequity not in their favor (i.e., inequity aversion), when inequity between two individuals is introduced. Common marmosets, a highly prosocial species, further discriminated between human actors who reciprocated in social exchanges, and those who did not. Conversely, marmoset models of autism, induced via prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA marmosets), did not discriminate. Interestingly, previous studies of inequity aversion in marmosets have produced negative results, or were limited to males. Recent studies suggest that inequity aversion is highly influenced by the tasks employed. Here we show inequity aversion in both male and female marmosets using a novel task which required a relatively long duration of response. Marmosets were required to hold a spoon for 2 s to receive a reward. Marmosets successfully performed the task when they observed an unfamiliar conspecific partner obtaining the same reward (equity test). However, when they witnessed the partner receiving a more attractive reward for equal effort (inequity test), unexposed marmosets, which were not exposed to either valproic acid or saline during the fetal period refused to respond. This inequity aversion was not observed in unexposed marmosets when the partner was absent. In contrast, marmosets with fetal exposure to valproic acid (VPA marmosets) successfully executed the task irrespective of their partners’ reward conditions. As prenatal exposure to valproic acid is a well-known procedure to induce autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-like behaviors in rodents, we propose that VPA marmosets failed to show inequity aversion due to weak social motivation or interest towards others.