Firm dynamics and job creation in the UK
Firm dynamics and job creation in the UK
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英国的企业动态和就业创造
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
Jun Du
中科院分区：
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作者：
M. Anyadike‐Danes;M. Hart;Jun Du
在有关刺激英国经济复苏政策的讨论中，一个反复出现的主题是，希望释放私营部门的增长潜力。我们在这里的动机是一个非常简单的问题——“什么样的公司在英国经济中创造了最多的就业机会？”对于这个问题，一个流行的答案是高增长公司（HGFs）。这些公司只代表了英国商业人口中“至关重要的6%”的一小部分，但却对创造就业和创新产生了不成比例的影响。我们重新审视了2009年NESTA报告所发起的讨论，该报告确定了6%的数字，并使用了更近期的数据，确认了创造就业机会的主要结论：在英国，少数创造就业机会的公司（大多是小企业）创造了大量的净就业机会。采用我们的另一种、更受青睐的分析方法（包括跟踪一批初创企业的增长表现），这个结论仍然成立。然而，我们发现创造就业机会的公司数量更少，占创造就业机会的很大比例。最后，我们考虑了这个问题——“政策选择的含义是什么？”
A recurring theme in the discussion of policies to stimulate economic recovery in the UK is a desire to unlock the growth potential of the private sector. We are motivated here by a very simple question – “what types of firms create the most jobs in the UK economy?” One popular answer to this question has been High-Growth Firms (HGFs). These firms represent only a small minority the ‘Vital 6%’ of the UK business population yet have a disproportionate impact on job creation and innovation. We re-visit the discussion launched by the 2009 NESTA reports, which identified the 6% figure and, using more recent data, confirm the headline conclusion for job creation: a small number of job creating firms (mostly small firms) are responsible for a significant amount of net job creation in the UK. Adopting our alternative, preferred, analytical approach, which involves tracking the growth performance of cohorts of start-ups, this conclusion still holds. However, we find an even smaller number of job creating firms responsible for a very significant proportion of job creation. We conclude by considering the question – “what are the implications for policy choices?”