Characterization of gene promoters in pig: conservative elements, regulatory motifs and evolutionary trend
Characterization of gene promoters in pig: conservative elements, regulatory motifs and evolutionary trend
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DOI：
10.7717/peerj.7204
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发表时间：
2019-06
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Kai Wei;Lei Ma;Tingting Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kai Wei;Lei Ma;Tingting Zhang
了解基因启动子序列的保守性和进化对于理解环境适应是至关重要的。启动子保守性的水平在管家基因（HK）和组织特异性基因（TS）之间变化很大，表明进化约束的强度不同。在这里，我们分析了启动子的保守性和进化，利用HK和TS基因之间的差异调节。保守元件分析表明，CpG岛，短串联重复序列和G-四链体序列在HK启动子相对于TS启动子高度富集。此外，TS启动子中调控基序的类型和密度远高于HK启动子，表明TS基因表现出比HK基因更复杂的调控模式。此外，启动子的进化动力学表现出与编码序列相似的进化趋势。HK启动子在长期的进化过程中受到更严格的选择压力。HK基因往往表现出增加的上游序列保守性，由于严格的选择压力作用于启动子区域。TS基因表达的特异性可能是由于在不同组织或条件下起作用的复杂调控基序。这项研究的结果可以用来加深我们对适应性进化的理解。
It is vital to understand the conservation and evolution of gene promoter sequences in order to understand environmental adaptation. The level of promoter conservation varies greatly between housekeeping (HK) and tissue-specific (TS) genes, denoting differences in the strength of the evolutionary constraints. Here, we analyzed promoter conservation and evolution to exploit differential regulation between HK and TS genes. The analysis of conserved elements showed CpG islands, short tandem repeats and G-quadruplex sequences are highly enriched in HK promoters relative to TS promoters. In addition, the type and density of regulatory motifs in TS promoters are much higher than HK promoters, indicating that TS genes show more complex regulatory patterns than HK genes. Moreover, the evolutionary dynamics of promoters showed similar evolutionary trend to coding sequences. HK promoters suffer more stringent selective pressure in the long-term evolutionary process. HK genes tend to show increased upstream sequence conservation due to stringent selection pressures acting on the promoter regions. The specificity of TS gene expression may be due to complex regulatory motifs acting in different tissues or conditions. The results from this study can be used to deepen our understanding of adaptive evolution.