Level of operant training rather than cocaine intake predicts level of reinstatement
Level of operant training rather than cocaine intake predicts level of reinstatement
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-007-1026-2
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发表时间：
2008-04-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Cador, Martine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keiflin, Ronald;Vouillac, Caroline;Cador, Martine
已证明延长可卡因自我给药可增强恢复。这种易复发性的增加不仅可以归因于长期的可卡因暴露，而且可以归因于长期的操作训练。材料与方法采用实验程序，通过产生不同的操作性训练历史，但几乎相同的操作性训练历史，将可卡因摄入和操作性训练分离可卡因摄入史首先训练大鼠以经典单位剂量（250 μ g/inf，FR 1）自我给药可卡因，然后在独立的组中，通过改变可用的单位剂量（83、250或750 μ g/inf，实验1）或所需的固定比例（FR-1、FR-3或FR-10，实验2）来改变接下来20个疗程的操作性反应水平。然后，用不同的可卡因引发剂量（0、5、10和15 mg/kg; i. p.）结果在训练过程中的反应水平预测恢复水平以后，独立的可卡因消耗量。高FR的要求和低单位剂量的访问导致更高水平的恢复在早期和晚期阶段的灭绝periods.Conclusions本研究表明，需要保持最佳可卡因摄入量的操作性反应的水平直接影响后来的恢复水平。这一发现表明，环境限制，使吸毒的要求和努力可能会增加复发的脆弱性。
Rationale Extended cocaine self-administration has been shown to potentiate reinstatement. This increased vulnerability to relapse could be attributed not only to extended cocaine exposure but also to extended operant training.Objective This study was aimed at determining the influence of different operant training histories on cocaine-induced reinstatement when cocaine intake is kept constant.Materials and methods Cocaine intake and operant training were dissociated by using experimental procedures generating different histories of operant training but almost identical histories of cocaine intake. Rats were first trained to self-administer cocaine at a classical unit dose (250 mu g/inf, FR1), then in independent groups, the level of operant response was changed for the next 20 sessions by changing either the unit dose available (83, 250, or 750 mu g/inf, Experiment 1) or the fixed ratio required (FR-1, FR-3, or FR-10, Experiment 2). Then, all rats were tested for reinstatement with different priming doses of cocaine (0, 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg; i.p.) at an early and late stage of an extinction period.Results Level of responding during training predicts the level of reinstatement later on, independently of the amount of cocaine consumed. High FR requirement and low unit dose access led to higher level of reinstatement at early and late stage of the extinction period, respectively.Conclusions This study shows that the level of operant responding required to maintain optimal cocaine intake directly influences later levels of reinstatement. This finding suggests that environmental constrains that make drug-taking demanding and effortful may increase the vulnerability to relapse.