Association between tobacco smoking and cognitive functioning in young adults.
Association between tobacco smoking and cognitive functioning in young adults.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.00290.x
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发表时间：
2012-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Grant, Jon E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chamberlain, Samuel R;Odlaug, Brian L;Grant, Jon E
背景：吸烟在全球范围内对公共健康构成了相当大的负担。老年人吸烟与认知障碍以及与年龄相关的更快速的认知衰退有关，但在年轻人中的研究较少。
方法：从一项调查年轻人冲动性的纵向研究中招募了18 - 29岁的成年人。排除标准为存在任何轴I类疾病或使用大麻。受试者使用剑桥神经心理测试自动化成套测验（CANTAB）进行神经认知评估。对吸烟者（N = 37）和非吸烟者（N = 177）之间的人口统计学、临床和认知差异进行了特征描述。
结果：两组在年龄、教育程度、收入和性别方面匹配良好。与非吸烟者相比，尼古丁使用者在持续注意力（目标检测：p = 0.005）、空间工作记忆（错误：p = 0.023，策略使用：p = 0.004）、执行计划（p = 0.002）方面表现出显著的认知障碍，并且不能根据风险适当地调整行为（赌博任务风险调整：p = 0.004）。吸烟者在一般反应速度和反应抑制方面正常。
结论：这些使用客观转化范式的数据支持年轻人吸烟与认知问题之间存在关联，这对这些个体和社会都有影响。未来的研究应纵向扩展这些结果以探究因果关系，并评估尼古丁制剂（包括戒烟药物）对认知的影响。
BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking represents a considerable public health burden globally. Smoking in older adults is associated with cognitive impairment and more rapid age-associated cognitive decline, but there is a paucity of studies in younger people.METHOD: Adults aged 18-29 years were recruited from a longitudinal study investigating impulsivity in young people. Exclusion criteria were presence of any axis-I morbidity or cannabis use. Subjects undertook neurocognitive assessment using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Demographic, clinical, and cognitive differences between smokers (N = 37) and nonsmokers (N = 177) were characterized.RESULTS: Groups were well matched in terms of age, education, income, and gender. In comparison to nonsmokers, nicotine users showed significant cognitive impairments on sustained attention (target detection: p= .005), spatial working memory (errors: p= .023, strategy use: p= .004), executive planning (p= .002), and did not appropriately adjust behavior as a function of risk (Gamble task risk adjustment: p= .004). Smokers were intact on general response speeds and response inhibition.CONCLUSIONS: These data, using objective translational paradigms, support an association between tobacco smoking and cognitive problems in young people, with implications for such individuals and for society. Future studies should extend these results longitudinally to explore causality, and evaluate effects of nicotinic agents (including anti-smoking medications) on cognition.