Study strategies of college students: Are self-testing and scheduling related to achievement?
Study strategies of college students: Are self-testing and scheduling related to achievement?
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DOI：
10.3758/s13423-011-0181-y
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Dunlosky, John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hartwig, Marissa K.;Dunlosky, John
先前的研究，例如 Kornell 和 Bjork（Psychonomic Bulletin & Review，14：219-224，2007）以及 Karpicke、Butler 和 Roediger（Memory，17：471-479，2009）的研究，调查了大学生对各种学习策略的使用，包括自测和重读。这些研究记录了一些学生确实使用自我测试（但主要是为了监测记忆）和重读，但研究人员没有评估策略使用的个体差异是否与学生的成绩有关。因此，我们调查了 324 名本科生的学习习惯以及大学平均绩点 (GPA)。重要的是，调查包括有关自我测试、安排学习的问题，以及学生常用或认知研究推荐的策略清单。自测和重读的使用都与 GPA 呈正相关。学习时间的安排也是一个重要因素：表现不佳的人比表现出色的人更有可能进行深夜学习；研究的集中（相对于间隔）与总体上使用较少的研究策略有关；所有学生，尤其是表现不佳的学生，都被即将到来的最后期限所驱使。因此，自测、重读和学习安排在现实世界的学生成绩中发挥着重要作用。
Previous studies, such as those by Kornell and Bjork (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14:219-224, 2007) and Karpicke, Butler, and Roediger (Memory, 17:471-479, 2009), have surveyed college students' use of various study strategies, including self-testing and rereading. These studies have documented that some students do use self-testing (but largely for monitoring memory) and rereading, but the researchers did not assess whether individual differences in strategy use were related to student achievement. Thus, we surveyed 324 undergraduates about their study habits as well as their college grade point average (GPA). Importantly, the survey included questions about self-testing, scheduling one's study, and a checklist of strategies commonly used by students or recommended by cognitive research. Use of self-testing and rereading were both positively associated with GPA. Scheduling of study time was also an important factor: Low performers were more likely to engage in late-night studying than were high performers; massing (vs. spacing) of study was associated with the use of fewer study strategies overall; and all students-but especially low performers-were driven by impending deadlines. Thus, self-testing, rereading, and scheduling of study play important roles in real-world student achievement.