Using CRISPR-Cas9 to generate semi-dwarf rice lines in elite landraces
Using CRISPR-Cas9 to generate semi-dwarf rice lines in elite landraces
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使用 CRISPR-Cas9 在优良地方品种中生成半矮化水稻品系
DOI：
10.1038/s41598-019-55757-9
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发表时间：
2019-12-13
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Qian, Qian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hu, Xingming;Cui, Yongtao;Qian, Qian
遗传侵蚀指的是作物遗传变异的丧失。在中国看来，只有少数地方品种用于育种，成为现代水稻品种的主要遗传背景。扩大中国水稻品种的遗传多样性，培育抗不同生物和非生物胁迫的高产优质品种至关重要。在这里，我们利用CRISPR/CRISPR相关蛋白9(CAS9)基因组编辑系统编辑了优良地方品种Kasalath和TePu(TTP)的Semi-Dwarf1(SD1)，它们包含了许多理想的农艺性状，如耐低磷和广谱抗多种病虫害。SD1基因突变使株高变短，抗倒伏能力增强。田间试验表明，新的Kasalath和Ttp突变系在现代栽培条件下的产量高于野生型，并且保持了与野生型后代相同的理想农艺性状。我们的结果表明，利用现有的地方品种，结合不同地方品种的基因组数据和基因编辑技术进行育种，是缓解现代水稻品种遗传侵蚀的有效途径。
Genetic erosion refers to the loss of genetic variation in a crop. In China, only a few original landraces of rice (Oryza sativa) were used in breeding and these became the primary genetic background of modern varieties. Expanding the genetic diversity among Chinese rice varieties and cultivating high-yielding and high-quality varieties with resistance to different biotic and abiotic stresses is critical. Here, we used the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein9(Cas9) genome editing system to editSemi-Dwarf1(SD1) in the elite landraces Kasalath and TeTePu (TTP), which contain many desired agronomic traits such as tolerance to low phosphorous and broad-spectrum resistance to several diseases and insects. Mutations ofSD1confer shorter plant height for better resistance to lodging. Field trials demonstrated that the yield of the new Kasalath and TTP mutant lines was better than that of the wild type under modern cultivation and that the lines maintained the same desirable agronomic characteristics as their wild-type progenitors. Our results showed that breeding using available landraces in combination with genomic data of different landraces and gene-editing techniques is an effective way to relieve genetic erosion in modern rice varieties.