Livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus CC398: Animal reservoirs and human infections
Livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus CC398: Animal reservoirs and human infections
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DOI：
10.1016/j.meegid.2013.02.013
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Kluytmans, Jan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Verkade, Erwin;Kluytmans, Jan
在过去的15年中，耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的流行病学发生了显着变化。最初是一种医院病原体，在社区中检测到其他克隆，导致缺乏医疗保健接触的相对年轻和健康的个体感染。最近，出现了MRSA CC398的一个特定克隆，它在家畜中广泛传播，也在零售肉类中发现。与食用动物接触的人有很高的定植风险。MRSA CC398可以通过直接接触动物、环境污染以及食用或处理受污染的肉类传播给人类。MRSA CC398作为食品病原体的作用需要进一步研究。最近，全基因组测序和其他遗传分析表明，牲畜相关菌株与人源菌株不同。然而，储层之间也存在应变交换。CC398的牲畜相关和人类相关菌株共享一些毒力因子，但也有不同的毒力因子，似乎在宿主适应中很重要。菌株之间交换编码这些毒力因子的基因可能会扩大宿主范围，从而威胁公共卫生。自从大约10年前MRSA CC398在人类中出现以来，该克隆已经显示出显着的进化，这在本文中进行了描述。(C)2013爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Over the past 15 years the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has changed significantly. Being initially a nosocomial pathogen, other clones have been detected in the community, leading to infections in relatively young and healthy individuals lacking contact with healthcare. More recently, a specific clone of MRSA CC398 emerged, which has spread extensively in livestock animals and is also found in retail meat. People in contact with food production animals are at high risk of colonization. The ways in which MRSA CC398 can be transmitted to humans are direct contact with animals, environmental contamination, and eating or handling contaminated meat. The role of MRSA CC398 as a food pathogen needs further research. Recently, whole genome sequencing and other genetic analyses have shown that livestock-associated strains are distinct from human-derived strains. However, there is also an exchange of strains between the reservoirs. Livestock-associated and human-associated strains of CC398 share some virulence factors, but there are also distinct virulence factors that appear to be important in host adaptation. Exchange of genes encoding these virulence factors between strains may expand the host range and thereby threaten public health. Since the emergence of MRSA CC398 in humans, approximately 10 years ago, this clone has shown a remarkable evolution, which is described in this review. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.