Half a cubic hectometer mooring array of 3000 temperature sensors in the deep sea
Half a cubic hectometer mooring array of 3000 temperature sensors in the deep sea
复制标题
深海半立方米系泊阵列，包含3000个温度传感器
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
J. V. Heerwaarden
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Haren;R. Bakker;Y. Witte;M. Laan;J. V. Heerwaarden
深海物质的重新分布取决于水流和湍流交换，而破碎的内波是其重要来源。由于内波和湍流基本上是三维的“3D”，理想情况下，应在一定体积的海水中研究它们的动态发展。然而，在海洋中很少这样做，因为沿沿着一条垂直线进行一维观测已经很困难。我们介绍了一个半立方厘米（480，000 m3）的3D-T系泊阵列的设计，建造和成功部署，该系泊阵列拥有2925个高分辨率温度传感器，用于研究2500 m深的西地中海弱密度分层沃茨。独立阵列以0.5 Hz的速率采样温度，精度<0.5 mK，噪声水平<0.1 mK，预期寿命为3年。独立的传感器每4小时感应同步到一个标准时钟。该阵列由45条125米长的垂直线组成，水平距离最近的相邻线9.5米。每根缆绳都由浮力元件保持在1.3 kN的张力下，浮力元件在部署后一周以化学方式释放。所有折叠线都连接到一个电缆网格上，该网格在直径为70米的钢管环中张紧。该阵列是建立在港口水域，与空气填充的钢管漂浮。在有利的海况条件下，将平板阵列拖至系泊地点。通过打开钢管中的阀门，阵列下沉，其自由下落由定制的阻力降落伞控制，将平均下沉速度降低到1.3 m s-1，并在平坦的海底上提供平稳的水平着陆。
The redistribution of matter in the deep-sea depends on water-flow currents and turbulent exchange, for which breaking internal waves are an important source. As internal waves and turbulence are essentially three-dimensional ‘3D’, their dynamical development should ideally be studied in a volume of seawater. However, this is seldom done in the ocean where 1D-observations along a single vertical line are already difficult. We present the design, construction and successful deployment of a half-cubic-hectometer (480,000 m3) 3D-T mooring array holding 2925 high-resolution temperature sensors to study weakly density-stratified waters of the 2500-m deep Western Mediterranean. The stand-alone array samples temperature at a rate of 0.5 Hz, with precision <0.5 mK, noise level <0.1 mK and expected endurance of 3 years. The independent sensors are synchronized inductively every 4 h to a single standard clock. The array consists of 45 vertical lines 125 m long, at 9.5 m horizontally from their nearest neighbor. Each line is held under tension of 1.3 kN by a buoyancy element that is released chemically one week after deployment. All fold-up lines are attached to a grid of cables that is tensioned in a 70 m diameter ring of steel tubes. The array is build-up in harbor-waters, with air filling the steel tubes for floatation. The flat-form array is towed to the mooring site under favorable sea-state conditions. By opening valves in the steel tubes, the array is sunk and its free-fall is controlled by a custom-made drag-parachute reducing the average sinking speed to 1.3 m s-1 and providing smooth horizontal landing on the flat seafloor.