Quantifying the Health Impacts of Active Travel: Assessment of Methodologies
Quantifying the Health Impacts of Active Travel: Assessment of Methodologies
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DOI：
10.1080/01441647.2015.1037378
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发表时间：
2015-09-03
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Ghosh, Bidisha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doorley, Ronan;Pakrashi, Vikram;Ghosh, Bidisha
在过去几年中，人们日益认识到，积极的旅行（步行和骑自行车）通过增加身体活动和避免机动交通的负面外部效应，是改善公共健康的有效手段。通过一系列方法量化了增加主动旅行对死亡率和发病率的影响。在这项研究中，在这一研究领域的现有出版物进行了审查，比较和对比的方法，并确定关键的考虑因素和最佳做法。根据健康摘要结果和考虑的暴露变量、研究中使用的模型结构以及这些选择对结果的影响对出版物进行分类。增加身体活动被认为是积极旅行对健康影响的最重要决定因素，但量化这些健康影响的不同方法可能导致影响规模的重大差异。需要进一步研究增加体力活动与健康影响之间的关系，以便就这一重要的效益决定因素的最可靠建模方法达成共识。还提供了关于其他暴露变量的重要讨论，以确定最佳做法。此外，还说明了建模过程（及其变化）的逻辑流程，可用于开发未来的研究主动旅行对健康的影响。
In the past several years, active travel (walking and cycling) has increasingly been recognized as an effective means of improving public health by increasing physical activity and by avoiding the negative externalities of motorized transport. The impacts of increased active travel on mortality and morbidity rates have been quantified through a range of methodologies. In this study, the existing publications in this field of research have been reviewed to compare and contrast the methodologies adapted and to identify the key considerations and the best practices. The publications were classified in terms of the health summary outcomes and exposure variables considered, the model structures used in the studies and the impact of these choices on the results. Increased physical activity was identified as the most important determinant of the health impacts of active travel but different ways of quantifying these health impacts can lead to substantial differences in the scale of the impact. Further research is required into the relationship between increased physical activity and health effects in order to reach consensus on the most reliable modelling approach for this important determinant of benefits. Critical discussions on other exposure variables have also been provided to ascertain best practices. Additionally, a logical flow of the modelling processes (and their variations) has also been illustrated which can be followed for developing future studies into the health impacts of active travel.