Synchronized group association in little penguins, Eudyptula minor
Synchronized group association in little penguins, Eudyptula minor
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.01.029
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Reina, R. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daniel, T. A.;Chiaradia, A.;Reina, R. D.
大多数海鸟在陆地和海上形成群体，但很少有关于海鸟群体是故意还是随机形成的信息。我们调查了是否小企鹅形成组由相同的个人组成时，他们越过海滩每天超过四个繁殖季节（2001-2004年）使用自动企鹅监测系统（APMS）。我们使用关联矩阵来确定同一组中任何两只鸟穿过APMS的次数。这些团体协会或“同步游行”的行为的数量被确定为每一个可能的对个人，给一个总的关联值为每对鸟类在postguard阶段的生殖周期。我们得出的结论是，一个企鹅群体是由5-10个个体在40秒的时间间隔。企鹅群体在繁殖成功率高的年份（2002年和2003年）非随机形成，但在繁殖成功率低的年份（2001年和2004年）则不是。鸟的年龄是一个显着的因素组成的群体。具有较高关联值的小企鹅具有相似的特征或“质量”，这反过来可能会增加其群体的功能效率，特别是如果它们也一起觅食。然而，低关联指数表明，寻找相同的联营公司不是一个优先事项。对于任何动物来说，使它们的出席与相同的个体同步是昂贵的，因此在良好的繁殖年份显示同步游行行为可能是有益的，但在不良的繁殖年份可能会导致种内食物竞争。(C)2007年，动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Most seabirds form groups on land and at sea, but there is little information whether seabird groups are formed deliberately or randomly. We investigated whether little penguins formed groups composed of the same individuals when they crossed the beach each day over four breeding seasons (2001-2004) using an automated penguin monitoring system (APMS). We used an association matrix to determine the number of times any two birds crossed the APMS in the same group. The number of these group associations or 'synchronized parade' behaviour was determined for every possible pair of individuals, giving a total association value for each pair of birds during the postguard stage of the reproductive cycle. We concluded that a penguin group was composed of 5-10 individuals within 40-s intervals. Penguin groups were formed nonrandomly in years of high breeding success (2002 and 2003), but not in years of low breeding success (2001 and 2004). Age of birds was a significant factor in composition of groups. Little penguins with higher association values shared similar characteristics or 'quality', which in turn may increase the functional efficiency of their groups, especially if they are also foraging together. However, low association indices indicated that seeking the same associates was not a priority. It is costly for any animal to synchronize their attendance with the same individuals, so it could be beneficial to display synchronized parade behaviour in good breeding years but it could result in intraspecific competition for food during poor breeding years. (C) 2007 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.