The Commonality of Loss Aversion across Procedures and Stimuli.
The Commonality of Loss Aversion across Procedures and Stimuli.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0135216
复制
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Breiter HC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee S;Lee MJ;Kim BW;Gilman JM;Kuster JK;Blood AJ;Kuhnen CM;Breiter HC
个人倾向于给与损失的权重大约是给予收益的两倍。这种近似的损失厌恶(LA)几乎总是在金钱的刺激领域衡量，而不是物体或图片。最近关于无时间表按键任务的基于偏好的决策(相对偏好理论，RPT)的工作为LA提供了一个类似于前景理论(PT)的数学公式，但在LA的计算中没有参数假设，使用了与沟通理论相关的变量(即香农熵或信息)，并且很容易与非货币刺激一起工作。我们评估了这些不同的框架在健康受试者中是否描述了类似的LA，发现基于PT的任务预期阶段的LA与基于RPT的任务相关的LA显著相关。考虑到非货币刺激可以很容易地在互联网上或动物研究中使用，这些发现为研究损失厌恶打开了广泛的应用范围。此外，可以用来衡量社会刺激和金钱偏好的方法论的出现，为社会心理学和行为经济学中的偏好评估带来了一个共同的框架。
Individuals tend to give losses approximately 2-fold the weight that they give gains. Such approximations of loss aversion (LA) are almost always measured in the stimulus domain of money, rather than objects or pictures. Recent work on preference-based decision-making with a schedule-less keypress task (relative preference theory, RPT) has provided a mathematical formulation for LA similar to that in prospect theory (PT), but makes no parametric assumptions in the computation of LA, uses a variable tied to communication theory (i.e., the Shannon entropy or information), and works readily with non-monetary stimuli. We evaluated if these distinct frameworks described similar LA in healthy subjects, and found that LA during the anticipation phase of the PT-based task correlated significantly with LA related to the RPT-based task. Given the ease with which non-monetary stimuli can be used on the Internet, or in animal studies, these findings open an extensive range of applications for the study of loss aversion. Furthermore, the emergence of methodology that can be used to measure preference for both social stimuli and money brings a common framework to the evaluation of preference in both social psychology and behavioral economics.