Transport of atmospheric fine particulate matter: Part 1 - Findings from recent field programs on the extent of regional transport within North America
Transport of atmospheric fine particulate matter: Part 1 - Findings from recent field programs on the extent of regional transport within North America
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DOI：
10.3155/1047-3289.58.2.254
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Turner, Jay R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allen, David T.;Turner, Jay R.
作为细颗粒物叠加站点计划和其他现场测量计划的一部分收集的空气质量现场数据已被用于评估大约100-1000公里长度尺度上气溶胶输送对细颗粒物浓度的作用。评估来自纽约州纽约的数据；马里兰州巴尔的摩;宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡;亚特兰大,乔治亚州;休斯顿,德克萨斯州;密苏里州圣路易斯；和Fresno， CA的研究表明，在几乎所有地区，100-1000 kin距离的气溶胶运输对城市颗粒物浓度有显著影响，并在确定农村颗粒物浓度方面起主导作用，尽管区域贡献的性质因地区而异。这一评估大体上与这些地区细颗粒物形成和积累的先前概念模型一致。在东部和中西部城市，输送的气溶胶的性质主要是硫酸盐，在加利福尼亚的中央山谷，主要是硝酸盐。除了气溶胶在100-1000公里距离上的物理输送外，气溶胶前体的区域输送也可能产生有利于大尺度成核事件的条件。据报道，在东部、中西部和加利福尼亚都发生了区域性成核事件。该事件发生在早晨不久之后的表层与高空层耦合，并且该事件产生超细颗粒。在某些情况下，这些成核事件与二氧化硫的可用性有关，因此可能是硫酸盐形成事件。
Air quality field data, collected as part of the fine particulate matter Supersites program and other field measurements programs, have been used to assess the role of aerosol transport, over length scales of approximately 100-1000 km, on fine particulate matter concentrations. Assessment of data from New York, NY; Baltimore, MD; Pittsburgh, PA; Atlanta, GA; Houston, TX; St. Louis, MO; and Fresno, CA, indicates that in virtually all of the regions, transport of aerosol over distances of 100-1000 kin has a significant impact on urban particulate matter concentrations and a dominant role in determining rural particulate matter concentrations, though the nature of the regional contributions differs from region to region. This assessment is generally consistent with previous conceptual models of fine particulate matter formation and accumulation in these regions. The nature of the transported aerosol is largely sulfate in Eastern and Midwestern cities and nitrate in the Central Valley of California. In addition to physical transport of aerosol over distances of 100-1000 km, regional transport of aerosol precursors may le ad to conditions conducive to large-scale nucleation events. Regional nucleation events have been reported in the East, Midwest, and in California. The events occurred in the morning soon after surface layers coupled with layers aloft, and the events generate ultrafine particles. In some cases, these nucleation events have been correlated with availability of sulfur dioxide and, therefore, may be sulfate formation events.