Paying Attention: The Duration and Allocation of Visitors' Time in Museum Exhibitions
Paying Attention: The Duration and Allocation of Visitors' Time in Museum Exhibitions
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关注：博物馆展览参观时间的长短与分配
DOI：
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Serrell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Serrell
参观者花费的时间和他们在展览中停留的次数是可以作为学习指标的系统性措施。以前的作者根据对单个展览或其他小数据样本的行为观察，对参观者对展览的关注程度做出了假设。本研究通过对108个展览会的参观时间和参观时间分配的比较调查，建立了一个大型数据库，并建立了反映参观者使用展览会模式的数字指数。这些指标-扫描率（SRI）和勤奋观众的百分比（%DV）-可以用来比较一个展览与另一个展览，或比较两个（或更多）不同情况下的同一个展览。在许多研究地点发现的游客行为模式包括：（1）游客通常在展览中花费不到20分钟，无论主题或规模如何;（2）大多数游客不是“勤奋的游客”-那些在一半以上的可用元素上停留的人;（3）平均而言，游客以每分钟200至400平方英尺的速度使用展览;（4）参观者在大型展览和立体模型霍尔斯的单位面积上花费的时间通常少于在小型或非立体模型展览中花费的时间。这两个指标（SRI和%DV）可能是诊断和改善展览效果的有用指标，进一步的研究可以帮助确定“彻底使用”的特征（即，成功的展览。
The amount of time visitors spend and the number of stops they make in exhibitions are systematic measures that can be indicators of learning. Previous authors have made assumptions about the amount of attention visitors pay to exhibitions based on observations of behavior at single exhibits or other small data samples. This study offers a large database from a comparative investigation of the duration and allocation of visitors' time in 108 exhibitions, and it establishes numerical indexes that reflect patterns of visitor use of the exhibition. These indexes—sweep rate (SRI) and percentage of diligent visitors (%DV)—can be used to compare one exhibition to another, or to compare the same exhibition under two (or more) different circumstances. Patterns of visitor behavior found in many of the study sites included: (1) visitors typically spend less than 20 minutes in exhibitions, regardless of the topic or size; (2) the majority of visitors are not “diligent visitors”—those who stop at more than half of the available elements; (3) on average, visitors use exhibitions at a rate of 200 to 400 square feet per minute; and (4) visitors typically spend less time per unit area in larger exhibitions and diorama halls than in smaller or nondiorama exhibitions. The two indexes (SRI and %DV) may be useful measures for diagnosing and improving the effectiveness of exhibitions, and further study could help identify characteristics of “thoroughly-used” (i.e., successful) exhibitions.