Water retention and limited larval dispersal: implications for short and long distance dispersers in marine reserves
Water retention and limited larval dispersal: implications for short and long distance dispersers in marine reserves
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保水性和有限的幼虫扩散：对海洋保护区短距离和长距离扩散者的影响
DOI：
10.3354/meps333027
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
R. McAllen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Jessopp;R. McAllen
虽然建立保护区是海洋保育的核心，但以往选择适当地区的标准往往基于历史、美学或后勤因素，导致海洋保护区网络可能无法有效地满足保育目标。由于幼虫的扩散在决定保护区是否能够自我维持、是否能够与其他保护区交换幼虫或是否能够补充周围的开发区方面起着不可或缺的作用，因此有效的保护区设计需要考虑可能影响幼虫扩散的过程。浮游生物拖每月进行12个月在半封闭的海洋保护区与长的保水时间，在海湾与低保水，和沿着开放的海岸线，以确定是否幼虫滞留发挥重要作用，限制扩散和创造离散的社区。幼虫组合的显着的空间和时间差异，发现与半封闭的储备，海湾和沿海地区全年表现出一致的差异。对11个被确定为区分这些地区的物种进行的方差分析支持了这样一种假设，即尽管潜在的扩散距离很大，但在保护区和非保护区之间发生了有限的幼虫交换。将海湾指定为保护区，可以提供一种保护具有长距离和短距离扩散的各种物种的手段，但这必须与封闭种群从当地灾难中恢复的可能性降低以及有限的遗传分化和近亲繁殖的可能性相平衡。
Although the establishment of reserves is central to marine conservation, previous criteria for the selection of appropriate areas has often been based on historical, aesthetic or logistic factors, resulting in a network of marine reserves that may not effectively meet conservation objec- tives. Since the dispersal of larvae plays an integral role in determining whether reserves can sustain themselves, whether they can exchange larvae with other protected sites, or whether they can supplement surrounding exploited areas, effective reserve design requires consideration of the pro- cesses that may affect larval dispersal. Plankton tows were conducted monthly for 12 mo in a semi- enclosed marine reserve with long water retention time, in bays with low water retention, and along open coastline, to establish whether larval retention plays an important role in limiting dispersal and creating discrete communities. Significant spatial and temporal differences in larval assemblages were found, with the semi-enclosed reserve, bay, and coast areas showing consistent differences throughout the year. An ANOVA carried out on 11 species identified as differentiating between these areas supported the hypothesis that limited larval exchange was occurring between reserve and non- reserve areas, despite potentially large dispersal distances. Designating bays as reserve areas may provide a means of protecting various species with both long and short dispersal distances, but this must be balanced against the reduced likelihood of closed populations to recover from local catastro- phes and the possibility of limited genetic differentiation and inbreeding.