Directions in vehicle efficiency and emissions

Directions in vehicle efficiency and emissions
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车辆效率和排放方向

DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Joshi
A. Joshi
中科院分区：
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文献类型：
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作者：
T. Johnson;A. Joshi

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本文综述了轻型和重型汽车法规、发动机技术和关键排放控制策略。美国更加重视实验室排放，LD法规比欧6严格一个数量级，但欧洲关注的是现实世界的减排。加州HD低氮氧化物法规正在推进中，可能在2017/18年提出，并于2023年实施。美国HD温室气体法规的第二阶段将从2021年开始，在第一阶段的基础上再收紧25-30%。LD和HD发动机技术继续显示出发动机效率的显著提高。LD汽油概念车正在缩小与柴油的差距。目前，HD发动机的热效率已超过50%，采用的方法可以合理地实现商业化。总结了低硫柴油和高硫柴油NOx技术的发展趋势。NOx储存催化剂和SCR组合是满足LD规定的主要方法。许多先进的氮氧化物技术正在被评估，其中一些有望达到加州HD低氮氧化物目标。在柴油和甲烷氧化应用中，氧化催化剂得到了改进。汽油微粒过滤器（GPF）是减少汽油直喷（GDI）发动机微粒的主要方法。它们减少了多环芳烃的排放，催化版本可以设计为低背压。再生主要发生在热减速期间。
This paper provides a general review of light-duty (LD) and heavy-duty (HD) regulations, engine technology, and key emission control strategies. The US is placing a stronger emphasis on laboratory emissions, and the LD regulations are about an order of magnitude tighter than Euro 6, but Europe is focusing on real-world reductions. The California HD low-NOx regulation is advancing and may be proposed in 2017/18 for implementation in 2023+. The second phase of US HD greenhouse gas regulations propose another 25-30% tightening beyond Phase 1, beginning in 2021. LD and HD engine technology continues showing marked improvements in engine efficiency. LD gasoline concepts are closing the gap with diesel. HD engines are demonstrating more than 50% BTE using methods that can reasonably be commercialized. LD and HD diesel NOx technology trends are also summarized. NOx storage catalysts and SCR combinations are the lead approach to meeting the LD regulations. Numerous advanced NOx technologies are being evaluated and some promise for meeting the California HD low NOx targets. Oxidation catalysts are improved for both diesel and methane oxidation applications. Gasoline particulate filters (GPF) are the lead approach to reducing particles from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. They reduce PAH emissions, and catalyzed versions can be designed for low back pressure. Regeneration largely occurs during hot decelerations.