Hacking the brain: brain-computer interfacing technology and the ethics of neurosecurity
Hacking the brain: brain-computer interfacing technology and the ethics of neurosecurity
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DOI：
10.1007/s10676-016-9398-9
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Haselager, Pim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ienca, Marcello;Haselager, Pim
脑机接口技术被用作患者和健康受试者的辅助技术，仅通过大脑活动来控制设备。然而，与滥用这些技术相关的风险在很大程度上仍未得到探索。最近的研究结果表明，BCI可能容易受到网络犯罪的影响。这开启了“神经犯罪”的前景：将计算机犯罪的范围扩大到神经设备。本文探讨了一种神经犯罪，我们称之为大脑黑客，因为它的目标是非法获取和操纵神经信息和计算。由于神经计算是认知、行为和我们作为人的自我决定的基础，对恶意脑黑客新出现的风险的仔细分析是至关重要的，应该在设计和监管的早期考虑针对这些风险的伦理保障。这一贡献旨在提高人们对恶意脑黑客正在出现的风险的认识，并在制定对这些风险的伦理和法律思考方面迈出了第一步。
Brain-computer interfacing technologies are used as assistive technologies for patients as well as healthy subjects to control devices solely by brain activity. Yet the risks associated with the misuse of these technologies remain largely unexplored. Recent findings have shown that BCIs are potentially vulnerable to cybercriminality. This opens the prospect of "neurocrime": extending the range of computer-crime to neural devices. This paper explores a type of neurocrime that we call brain-hacking as it aims at the illicit access to and manipulation of neural information and computation. As neural computation underlies cognition, behavior and our self-determination as persons, a careful analysis of the emerging risks of malicious brain-hacking is paramount, and ethical safeguards against these risks should be considered early in design and regulation. This contribution is aimed at raising awareness of the emerging risk of malicious brain-hacking and takes a first step in developing an ethical and legal reflection on those risks.