Emergency Hospital Visits in Association with Volcanic Ash, Dust Storms and Other Sources of Ambient Particles: A Time-Series Study in Reykjavik, Iceland
Emergency Hospital Visits in Association with Volcanic Ash, Dust Storms and Other Sources of Ambient Particles: A Time-Series Study in Reykjavik, Iceland
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph120404047
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发表时间：
2015-04-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Oudin, Anna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carlsen, Hanne Krage;Gislason, Thorarinn;Oudin, Anna
在2010年埃亚菲亚德拉冰盖和2011年格里姆火山爆发后，火山灰对冰岛的颗粒物（PM）有很大的贡献。本研究旨在调查2007年至2012年期间不同PM来源与心肺原因急诊医院就诊之间的相关性。当PM10超过每日空气质量指导值50 μ g/m3时，PM10来源的指标;“火山灰”，“沙尘暴”或“其他来源”（交通，烟花爆竹和重新悬浮）进入广义加法模型，并根据天气，时间趋势和共同污染物进行调整。平均每日急诊次数为10.5次。PM10超过空气质量标准值的2191天中有115天; 20天是由于火山灰，14天是由于沙尘暴（两天沙尘暴和火山灰都有贡献），83天是由于其他来源。火山灰产生的高PM10水平往往与急诊就诊显著相关;估计值范围为未调整模型中每天暴露4.8%（95%置信区间（CI）：0.6，9.2%）至调整模型中每天暴露7.3%（95% CI：-0.4，15.5%）。沙尘暴并不总是与每日急诊医院就诊相关，其他来源往往显示出负相关。我们发现了一些证据，表明火山灰颗粒比其他来源的颗粒更有害，但结果是不确定的，应谨慎解释。
Volcanic ash contributed significantly to particulate matter (PM) in Iceland following the eruptions in Eyjafjallajokull 2010 and Grimsvotn 2011. This study aimed to investigate the association between different PM sources and emergency hospital visits for cardiorespiratory causes from 2007 to 2012. Indicators of PM10 sources; "volcanic ash", "dust storms", or "other sources" (traffic, fireworks, and re-suspension) on days when PM10 exceeded the daily air quality guideline value of 50 mu g/m(3) were entered into generalized additive models, adjusted for weather, time trend and co-pollutants. The average number of daily emergency hospital visits was 10.5. PM10 exceeded the air quality guideline value 115 out of 2191 days; 20 days due to volcanic ash, 14 due to dust storms (two days had both dust storm and ash contribution) and 83 due to other sources. High PM10 levels from volcanic ash tended to be significantly associated with the emergency hospital visits; estimates ranged from 4.8% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.6, 9.2%) per day of exposure in unadjusted models to 7.3% (95% CI: -0.4, 15.5%) in adjusted models. Dust storms were not consistently associated with daily emergency hospital visits and other sources tended to show a negative association. We found some evidence indicating that volcanic ash particles were more harmful than particles from other sources, but the results were inconclusive and should be interpreted with caution.