A framework for reviewing the trade-offs between, renewable energy, food, feed and wood production at a local level
A framework for reviewing the trade-offs between, renewable energy, food, feed and wood production at a local level
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DOI：
10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.142
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
P. Burgess;M. Casado;Jerry Gavu;A. Mead;T. Cockerill;R. Lord;D. Horst;D. Howard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Burgess;M. Casado;Jerry Gavu;A. Mead;T. Cockerill;R. Lord;D. Horst;D. Howard
高燃料价格以及对能源安全和人为气候变化的担忧正在鼓励向低碳经济转型。虽然能源政策通常是在国家层面制定的，但人们需要工具来参与区域和地方层面的能源政策，并指导有关土地使用、分布式发电和能源供需的决策。本文的目的是制定一种景观中可再生能源需求和供应的人均方法，并说明可再生能源、粮食、（动物）饲料和木材生产之间的关键权衡。选定的英格兰马斯顿谷案例研究区域（16,000 公顷）预计其人口密度介于英格兰和英国之间。每日人均热能（31kWh）、交通（34kWh）和电力（15kWh）能源需求合计（80kWh）是食品（2kWh）、动物饲料（6kWh）和木材（4kWh）需求合计的七倍。使用所描述的算法，来自家用风能和光伏电池板、太阳能供暖、地源热能和城市垃圾的综合潜在能源供应受到限制（<10kWhp−1d−1）。垃圾填埋气和商用风力涡轮机可以产生额外的电力，但这些都会产生暂时的影响。使用地理信息系统和产量安全树木和作物产量模型，计算并说明了三种土地利用情景的生物乙醇、生物柴油、生物质、食品、饲料和木材的供应能力。这些情景凸显了满足交通（33%）和供暖（53%）能源需求的限制，即使所有耕地和草地面积都种植小麦等高产作物。因此，所描述的框架强调了满足英国当前陆基可再生能源能源需求所面临的主要限制以及决策者面临的严峻选择。
High fuel prices and concerns about energy security and anthropogenic climate change are encouraging a transition towards a low carbon economy. Although energy policy is typically set at a national level, tools are needed for people to engage with energy policy at regional and local levels, and to guide decisions regarding land use, distributed generation and energy supply and demand. The aim of this paper is to develop a per-capita approach to renewable energy demand and supply within a landscape and to illustrate the key trade-offs between renewable energy, food, (animal) feed and wood production. The chosen case study area (16,000ha) of Marston Vale, England is anticipated to have a population density midway between that for England and the UK. The daily per capita demand for energy for heat (31kWh), transport (34kWh) and electricity (15kWh) when combined (80kWh) was seven-fold higher than the combined demand for food (2kWh), animal feed (6kWh), and wood (4kWh). Using described algorithms, the combined potential energy supply from domestic wind and photovoltaic panels, solar heating, ground-source heat, and municipal waste was limited (<10kWhp−1d−1). Additional electricity could be generated from landfill gas and commercial wind turbines, but these have temporal implications. Using a geographical information system and the Yield-SAFE tree and crop yield model, the capacity to supply bioethanol, biodiesel, and biomass, food, feed and wood was calculated and illustrated for three land-use scenarios. These scenarios highlight the limits on meeting energy demands for transport (33%) and heat (53%), even if all of the arable and grassland area was planted to a high yielding crop like wheat. The described framework therefore highlights the major constraints faced in meeting current UK energy demands from land-based renewable energy and the stark choices faced by decision makers.