Collecting wild Miscanthus germplasm in Asia for crop improvement and conservation in Europe whilst adhering to the guidelines of the United Nations' Convention on Biological Diversity.
Collecting wild Miscanthus germplasm in Asia for crop improvement and conservation in Europe whilst adhering to the guidelines of the United Nations' Convention on Biological Diversity.
复制标题
在亚洲收集野生芒草种质，用于欧洲的作物改良和保护，同时遵守联合国生物多样性公约的指导方针。
DOI：
10.1093/aob/mcy231
复制
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Huang LS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang LS
背景和目标具有多样化、农艺相关性状的种质构成了成功的植物育种计划的基础。自1993年以来，联合国一直倡导实施《生物多样性公约》（CBD）和随后出台的2002年《波恩准则》，作为种质收集和利用的国际最佳实践。 2006年，一个欧洲团队前往亚洲采集芒草（Miscanthus）（一种C4多年生根茎草）的野生种质，用于培育环境适应性强、抗逆性强、高产的生物能源作物。我们概述了种质收集、保存、育种和生物量生产评估的一般方面，同时遵循《生物多样性公约》的指导方针，尊重生物多样性和保护需求，以及遗传资源的道德使用。方法建立了有效的协议、检疫、收集种子和根茎的方法以及保护基因库。使用多功能信息学和数据库架构来协助选择、开花同步、杂交、评估、表型分析和数据集成。制定的方法符合 CBD 指南。 主要结果 共有 303 个 M. 种质。中华，M.糖花和M. floridulus 是从 158 个地理和环境不同的地点采集的。由于茎数、高度和厚度的组合，这些物种积累了不同数量的空中生物量。来自一个种间杂交的后代在早期试验中积累了更多的生物量，并且与现有商业品种相比，在第 3-4 年中表现出双倍的产量表现。 × 巨型。 F1 杂交种的一个例子已经证明了利用该集合进行育种计划的长期潜力。结论通过遵守 CBD 原则，作者的国际合作提供了实施 CBD 的实际例子。该系列扩大了芒草的遗传多样性，可以培育出表现出更多样性状的新型杂交品种，从而提高产量和在边际土地和气候挑战环境中生长的恢复力。
Background and AimsGermplasm with diverse, agronomically relevant traits forms the foundation of a successful plant breeding programme. Since 1993, the United Nations has been advocating the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the subsequent 2002 Bonn Guidelines as international best practice on germplasm collection and use. In 2006, a European team made an expedition to Asia to collect wild germplasm ofMiscanthus, a C4perennial rhizomatous grass, for breeding an environmentally adaptable, resilient and high-yielding bioenergy crop. We outline general aspects of germplasm collection, conservation, breeding and biomass production evaluation while following the CBD’s guidelines, respecting biodiversity and conservation needs, and the ethical use of genetic resources.MethodsEffective protocols, quarantine, methods for collecting seed and rhizomes, and a genebank for conservation were established. Versatile informatics and database architecture were used to assist in selection, flowering synchronization, crossing, evaluation, phenotyping and data integration. Approaches were formulated to comply with the CBD guidelines.Key ResultsA total of 303 accessions ofM. sinensis,M. sacchariflorusandM. floriduluswere collected from 158 geographically and environmentally diverse locations. These species were shown to accumulate different amounts of aerial biomass due to combinations of stem count, height and thickness. Progeny from one interspecies cross accumulated more biomass in early trials and has shown double the yield performance in years 3–4 compared with the existing commercial cultivarM. × giganteus. An example of an F1hybrid has already demonstrated the long-term potential of exploiting this collection for a breeding programme.ConclusionsBy conforming to the CBD principles, the authors’ international collaboration provides a practical example of implementing the CBD. The collection widened the genetic diversity ofMiscanthusavailable to allow for breeding of novel hybrids that exhibit more diverse traits to increase yield and resilience for growth on marginal land and in climate-challenged environments.