Interactive effects of wildfire, forest management, and isolation on amphibian and parasite abundance.
Interactive effects of wildfire, forest management, and isolation on amphibian and parasite abundance.
复制标题
野火、森林管理和隔离对两栖动物和寄生虫丰度的交互影响。
DOI：
10.1890/12-0316.1
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. S. Corn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Hossack;W. Lowe;R. Honeycutt;S. Parks;P. S. Corn
预计野火和其他气候驱动的干扰将影响世界各地的人口和社区，包括宿主-寄生虫关系。在温带森林中的研究表明，野火会对两栖动物产生负面影响，但这项研究主要发生在管理景观之外，与人类干扰的相互作用可能导致叠加或协同效应。此外，寄生虫是生物多样性的一个重要组成部分，可以影响宿主适应度和种群动态，但它们很少被纳入脊椎动物宿主对干扰的反应研究。为了确定野火如何影响两栖动物及其寄生虫，以及受保护和管理的景观之间的影响是否不同，我们比较了两种两栖动物和两种线虫相对于邻近受保护和管理的森林（蒙大拿州，美国）湿地周围野火范围和严重程度的丰度。成年雄性长趾蝾螈（Ambystoma macrodactylum）的种群规模随着烧伤严重程度的增加而减少，对孤立种群和管理森林的负面影响更大。与此相反，繁殖种群大小的哥伦比亚斑点蛙（蛙luteiventris）增加与烧伤程度在保护和管理的保护林。通径分析表明，野火对两种线虫的影响与其生活史和传播策略的差异以及宿主的反应一致。烧伤的严重程度间接减少丰富的土壤传播Cosmocercoides variabilis通过减少蝾螈丰富。烧伤严重程度也直接降低了C。variabilis丰富，可能通过土壤条件的变化。对于水传播线虫Gyrinicola batrachiensis，烧伤程度对哥伦比亚斑点蛙幼虫密度的积极影响间接增加了寄生虫丰度。我们的研究结果表明，野火对两栖动物的影响取决于烧伤的程度和严重程度，隔离，和先前的土地使用。通过对寄生虫的后续影响，我们的研究结果还揭示了干扰机制的变化如何影响整个营养级的社区。
Projected increases in wildfire and other climate-driven disturbances will affect populations and communities worldwide, including host-parasite relationships. Research in temperate forests has shown that wildfire can negatively affect amphibians, but this research has occurred primarily outside of managed landscapes where interactions with human disturbances could result in additive or synergistic effects. Furthermore, parasites represent a large component of biodiversity and can affect host fitness and population dynamics, yet they are rarely included in studies of how vertebrate hosts respond to disturbance. To determine how wildfire affects amphibians and their parasites, and whether effects differ between protected and managed landscapes, we compared abundance of two amphibians and two nematodes relative to wildfire extent and severity around wetlands in neighboring protected and managed forests (Montana, USA). Population sizes of adult, male long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) decreased with increased burn severity, with stronger negative effects on isolated populations and in managed forests. In contrast, breeding population sizes of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) increased with burn extent in both protected and managed protected forests. Path analysis showed that the effects of wildfire on the two species of nematodes were consistent with differences in their life history and transmission strategies and the responses of their hosts. Burn severity indirectly reduced abundance of soil-transmitted Cosmocercoides variabilis through reductions in salamander abundance. Burn severity also directly reduced C. variabilis abundance, possibly though changes in soil conditions. For the aquatically transmitted nematode Gyrinicola batrachiensis, the positive effect of burn extent on density of Columbia spotted frog larvae indirectly increased parasite abundance. Our results show that effects of wildfire on amphibians depend upon burn extent and severity, isolation, and prior land use. Through subsequent effects on the parasites, our results also reveal how changes in disturbance regimes can affect communities across trophic levels.