Calponin isoforms CNN1, CNN2 and CNN3: Regulators for actin cytoskeleton functions in smooth muscle and non-muscle cells.
Calponin isoforms CNN1, CNN2 and CNN3: Regulators for actin cytoskeleton functions in smooth muscle and non-muscle cells.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gene.2016.02.040
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Jin JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu R;Jin JP
钙钙蛋白是一种在平滑肌和多种非肌肉细胞中表达的肌动蛋白丝相关调节蛋白。3个同源基因，CNN1、CNN2和CNN3，分别编码钙钙蛋白亚型1、2和3，存在于脊椎动物物种中。所有三种钙钙蛋白异构体都是肌动蛋白结合蛋白，具有抑制肌动蛋白激活的肌球蛋白atp酶和稳定肌动蛋白细胞骨架的功能，而每种异构体根据其细胞类型特异性表达执行不同的生理作用。钙钙蛋白1在平滑肌细胞中特异性表达，在调节平滑肌收缩性中起作用。钙钙蛋白2在平滑肌细胞和非肌肉细胞中均表达，并调节多种肌动蛋白细胞骨架功能。钙钙蛋白3参与肌动蛋白细胞骨架活动在胚胎发育和肌肉形成。磷酸化对钙钙蛋白功能的调节已被广泛研究。细胞骨架张力调节CNN2基因的转录和钙钙蛋白2的降解。这篇综述总结了我们从过去三十年的研究中了解到的知识，重点是钙钙蛋白异构体基因的进化谱系，它们的组织和细胞类型特异性表达，结构-功能关系和机械调节。
Calponin is an actin filament-associated regulatory protein expressed in smooth muscle and multiple types of non-muscle cells. Three homologous genes, CNN1, CNN2 and CNN3, encoding calponin isoforms 1, 2, and 3, respectively, are present in vertebrate species. All three calponin isoforms are actin-binding proteins with functions in inhibiting actin-activated myosin ATPase and stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton, while each isoform executes different physiological roles based on their cell type-specific expressions. Calponin 1 is specifically expressed in smooth muscle cells and plays a role in fine-tuning smooth muscle contractility. Calponin 2 is expressed in both smooth muscle and non-muscle cells and regulates multiple actin cytoskeleton-based functions. Calponin 3 participates in actin cytoskeleton-based activities in embryonic development and myogenesis. Phosphorylation has been extensively studied for the regulation of calponin functions. Cytoskeleton tension regulates the transcription of CNN2 gene and the degradation of calponin 2 protein. This review summarizes our knowledge learned from studies over the past three decades, focusing on the evolutionary lineage of calponin isoform genes, their tissue- and cell type-specific expressions, structure-function relationships, and mechanoregulation.