Sustained attention and response inhibition in young children at risk for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Sustained attention and response inhibition in young children at risk for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.00417.x
复制
发表时间：
2005-11-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Halperin, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berwid, OG;Kera, EAC;Halperin, JM
背景：对患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)的学龄儿童、青少年和成人的研究表明，无论是抑制性控制还是持续性注意，ADHD相关的损害都不同。然而，很少有研究研究在较小的儿童(7岁以下)中与ADHD相关的这些任务的表现模式。方法：对3.44~6.95岁被家长和教师评为ADHD高危或低危的儿童进行连续操作测验和去/不去任务(CPT/GNG)和日夜Stroop任务(DNST)相结合的测试。所有儿童都进行了DNST(N=71)，部分样本(N=44)进行了CPT/GNG。分析评估的任务有效性以及年龄和风险状况的影响。结果：在所有任务中，年龄和危险状态都有显著的主效应。此外，在CPT和DNST中发现了年龄x条件交互作用，这表明这两个任务分别对持续注意和抑制控制的年龄相关变化敏感。没有发现显著的风险状态x条件交互作用，这表明有ADHD风险的幼儿在抑制性控制或持续注意力方面都没有表现出特定的缺陷。与不同任务的风险状态相关的最一致的影响是，无论情况如何，有ADHD风险的儿童的错误数量更多，反应时间更长，变化更大。结论：在这些任务中，与ADHD相关的成绩下降似乎归因于全身性行为失调或不良的状态调控，而不是缺乏抑制性控制。
Background: Studies of school-aged children, adolescents, and adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have variably shown ADHD-related impairment in both inhibitory control and sustained attention. However, few studies have examined ADHD-associated patterns of performance on these tasks among younger children (below age 7 years). Methods: A combined continuous performance test and go/no-go task (CPT/GNG) and the Day-Night Stroop Task (DNST) were administered to an ethnically diverse sample of 3.44- to 6.95-year-old children rated by parents and teachers as being either high risk or low risk for ADHD. All children performed the DNST (N = 71) and a subset of the sample (N = 44) performed the CPT/GNG. Analyses assessed task validity as well as the effects of age and risk status. Results: Significant main effects for age and risk status were found on all tasks. In addition, age x condition interactions were found for the CPT and DNST, which suggest that the tasks were sensitive to age-related changes in sustained attention and inhibitory control respectively. No significant risk status x condition interactions were found, suggesting that young children at risk for ADHD do not exhibit specific deficits in either inhibitory control or sustained attention. The most consistent effect related to risk status across tasks was the greater number of errors and longer and more variable reaction times on the part of children at risk for ADHD irrespective of condition. Conclusions: ADHD-associated decrements in performance on these tasks appear to be attributable either to generalized behavioral dysregulation or poor state regulation rather than to deficient inhibitory control.