The Nuclear MANY-BODY Problem
The Nuclear MANY-BODY Problem
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DOI：
10.1142/9789812777072_0010
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Fantoni
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Fantoni
本文简要地回顾了核多体问题的最新发展，试图集中于过去几年中取得的主要进展和仍然存在的问题。特别注意的是致力于量子模拟的核和中子物质，最近受到了极大的关注，并考虑到快速增长的计算机能力，构成themeselves之间的最佳候选人为新一代ofab initiocalculations在核物理。新发展的辅助场扩散蒙特卡罗方法，或其他随机方法使用辅助场的想法，似乎体现了所有的主要功能来执行模拟的大型核系统，解决，在这方面，长standingspin问题。本文用辅助场扩散蒙特卡罗方法计算了多粒子系统通过自旋-同位旋相关核势相互作用的性质。通过将空间自由度的扩散蒙特卡罗方法和分离自旋-同位旋算符的辅助场蒙特卡罗方法相结合，可以计算中等大小核子系统的基态能量和其它性质。介绍和讨论了该方法在中子物质物态方程和可压缩性计算中的应用。这些计算使用现实的相互作用，如阿贡和两个核子的潜力加上厄巴纳IX三核子潜力。本文还讨论了中子物质的自旋磁化率和对称能等其他天体物理学性质。本文提出了一个新的作业题，用来检验现代多体技术中包含张量、自旋轨道和三体相互作用的核势。
The most recent developments in the nuclear many–body problem are briefly reviewed, trying to focus on the major advances reached in the last few years and on the still open problems. Particular attention is devoted to quantum simulations for nuclear and neutron matter, which have recently received much attention, and, given the rapid increase in computer power, pose themeselves amongst the best candidates for a new generation ofab initiocalculations in nuclear physics. The newly developed Auxiliary Field Diffusion Monte Carlo method, or other stochastic methods using auxiliary field ideas, appear to embody all the main features to perform simulations of large nuclear systems, solving, under this respect, the long standingspin problem. The use of the Auxiliary Field Diffusion Monte Carlo method to compute properties of many particle systems interacting via spin-isospin dependent nuclear potentials is described. By combining diffusion Monte Carlo for the spatial degrees of freedom and auxiliary field Monte Carlo to separate the spin-isospin operators, ground state energies and other properties can be calculated for medium size nucleon systems. Recent applications of the method to obtain the equation of state and the compressibilty of neutron matter are presented and discussed. These calculations use realistic interactions such as the Argonneandtwo–nucleon potentials plus the Urbana IX three-nucleon potential. Other properties of astrophysical interest such as the spin susceptibility of neutron matter and the symmetry energy are also discussed. A new homework problem is proposed to test the modern many–body techniques with a nuclear potential which includes tensor, spin–orbit and three–body interactions.