A Murine Model for Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection.
A Murine Model for Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4939-2854-5_14
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hunstad DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hannan TJ;Hunstad DA
尿路感染（UTI）是人类最常见的细菌感染之一。该小鼠为大肠杆菌和其他尿路病原体引起的膀胱炎和肾盂肾炎提供了一个优良且易于处理的模型系统。使用成熟的实验性膀胱炎模型（通过经尿道导尿感染雌性小鼠的膀胱），细菌性膀胱炎发病机制的分子细节在过去十年中已得到充分阐明。泌尿道致病性大肠杆菌通过 1 型菌毛附着在膀胱上皮（人类和小鼠）上，在上皮细胞胞质内建立复制生态位，并形成免受抗生素作用和免疫清除的细胞内细菌群落。使用不同的近交系和突变小鼠品系提供了研究感染结果的机会，包括消退、静止细胞内细菌库的形成、慢性细菌性膀胱炎和复发性感染。尿液、膀胱和肾脏组织可以通过细菌培养、组织学、免疫组织化学、免疫荧光和共聚焦显微镜、电子显微镜和流式细胞术进行分析，同时还可以通过 ELISA、蛋白质印迹、多重珠阵列和其他方法对血清、尿液和组织匀浆中的多种可溶性标记物（例如细胞因子）进行分析。该模型有望为发现急性、慢性和复发性尿路感染的致病机制以及评估治疗和预防策略提供持续的机会。
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common bacterial infections of humans. The mouse provides an excellent and tractable model system for cystitis and pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli and other uropathogens. Using a well-established model of experimental cystitis in which the bladders of female mice are infected via transurethral catheterization, the molecular details of the pathogenesis of bacterial cystitis have been substantially illuminated in the last decade. Uropathogenic E. coli attach to bladder epithelium (both in human and mouse) via adhesive type 1 pili, establish a replicative niche within epithelial cell cytoplasm, and form intracellular bacterial communities that are protected from antibiotic effects and immune clearance. The use of different inbred and mutant mouse strains offers the opportunity to study outcomes of infection, including resolution, formation of quiescent intracellular bacterial reservoirs, chronic bacterial cystitis, and recurrent infections. Urine, bladder, and kidney tissues can be analyzed by bacterial culture, histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescent and confocal microscopy, electron microscopy, and flow cytometry, while a broad array of soluble markers (e.g., cytokines) can also be profiled in serum, urine, and tissue homogenates by ELISA, Western blotting, multiplex bead array, and other approaches. This model promises to afford continued opportunity for discovery of pathogenic mechanisms and evaluation of therapeutic and preventive strategies for acute, chronic, and recurrent UTI.