Prenatal alcohol exposure, adaptive function, and entry into adult roles in a prospective study of young adults
Prenatal alcohol exposure, adaptive function, and entry into adult roles in a prospective study of young adults
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ntt.2015.07.008
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Coles, Claire D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lynch, Mary Ellen;Kable, Julie A.;Coles, Claire D.
前言：虽然许多研究已经证明了产前酒精暴露(PAE)对儿童的身体、认知和行为发育的影响，但很少有人关注对成人的长期影响。在这项研究中，提出了关于适应功能和进入成人角色的社区样本患有PAE的年轻人的数据。研究的预期是，产前暴露的成年人比未暴露的对照组表现出更低的适应功能和更多的进入成人角色的困难，这些影响将与PAE影响的严重程度有关。方法：以非裔美国人为主的低收入样本包括有广泛产前暴露的成年人(n=123)，以及社会经济(SES)(n=59)和残疾(n=54)状态的对照组。酒精暴露组和SES对照组参与者的母亲在出生前被招募，并定期对子女进行跟踪调查。残疾对照组在青春期招募。对成年人进行了日常生活中的适应功能和成人角色进入的访谈。对每个被试熟悉的成年人进行了关于适应功能的访谈。结果：受PAE影响的变形成年人在适应功能和进入成人角色方面存在困难。表现出认知影响而没有身体影响的男性受到的影响最严重。对于没有表现出身体或认知影响的暴露成人，大多数结果与对照组相似或更积极。结论：PAE对成年早期的适应结果有长期影响。其他研究应侧重于在这一过渡时期可能采取的干预措施，以及有助于调整受影响但未受影响的参与者的因素。(C)2015 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
Introduction: Although many studies have demonstrated effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on physical, cognitive, and behavioral development in children, few have focused on the long term effects on adults. In this study, data are presented on adaptive function and entry into adult roles in a community sample of young adults with PAE. The expectation was that prenatally exposed adults would show lower adaptive functioning and more difficulty with entry into adult roles than the non-exposed control group and that these effects would be related to the severity of PAE effects.Method: The predominantly African-American, low income sample included adults with a wide range of prenatal exposure (n = 123) as well as control groups for socioeconomic (SES) (n = 59) and disability (n = 54) status. The mothers of the alcohol-exposed and SES-control group participants were recruited before birth and offspring have been followed up periodically. The disability control group was recruited in adolescence. The adults were interviewed about adaptive function in day-to-day life and adult role entry. Collateral adults who were well-acquainted with each participant were interviewed concerning adaptive function.Results: Results showed that adults who were dysmorphic and/or cognitively affected by PAE had difficulty with adaptive function and entry into adult roles. Males showing cognitive effects with no physical effects were the most severely affected. Results for exposed adults not showing physical or cognitive effects were similar to or more positive than those of the control group for most outcomes.Conclusion: PAE has long-term effects on adaptive outcomes in early adulthood. Additional research should focus on possible interventions at this transition and on factors contributing to the adjustment of the exposed, but unaffected participants. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.