The morphology of Oreopithecus bambolii pollical distal phalanx.
The morphology of Oreopithecus bambolii pollical distal phalanx.
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Oreopithecus bambolii 趾骨远端指骨的形态。
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.22458
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
S. Moyà
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Almécija;M. Shrewsbury;L. Rook;S. Moyà
班氏山猿（Oreopithecus bambolii）是一种生活在意大利的晚中新世猿类，最早描述于世纪晚期。它的解释仍然存在很大的争议，特别是关于它的手的比例和拇指形态。在这项研究中，作者提供了可用的Oreopithecus pollical远端指骨（PDP）标本的详细描述，以及与人类，现存的猿，选定的猕猴，和中新世PDP标本进行比较的双变量和多变量形态测量分析。多变量的结果揭示了两个相反的两极上的类人猿PDP形状谱：一边，一个mediolatively广泛和dorsopalmarly短的人类PDP，和另一边，黑猩猩和猩猩的狭窄和“圆锥形”的PDP。作者们认为，奥林古猿的PDP比例处于中间水平，这在很大程度上是原始人的原始比例，因为它与原执政官有着形态上的相似之处。此外，奥林古猿显示了一个中间外侧宽簇的人科，以及手掌抬高附着的屈肌长肌腱，在其近端边缘与近端窝和其远端边缘与甲窝。人类的这些非测量学特征与他们对抗和接触拇指和手指近端垫的能力有关，即垫对垫的精确抓握。这些特征强化了先前的研究，这些研究表明，在Oreopithecus中，与人类相似的拇指与手的长度比例与垫对垫的精确抓握相兼容。虽然具体的手的使用仍然是未解决的在Oreopithecus，结果表明，增强的操作技能（无关的石工具制造），在这个类群相对于其他（现存或化石）人科动物。
Oreopithecus bambolii is a Late Miocene ape from Italy, first described in the late 19th century. Its interpretation is still highly controversial, especially in reference to its hand proportions and thumb morphology. In this study, the authors provide detailed descriptions of the available Oreopithecus pollical distal phalanx (PDP) specimens, as well as bivariate and multivariate morphometric analyses in comparison with humans, extant apes, selected anthropoid monkeys, and available Miocene PDP specimens. The multivariate results reveal two opposite poles on the hominoid PDP shape spectrum: on one side, a mediolaterally broad and dorsopalmarly short human PDP, and on the other side, the narrow and "conical" PDP of chimpanzees and orangutans. The authors contend that Oreopithecus exhibits intermediate PDP proportions that are largely primitive for hominoids because it shares morphological similarities with Proconsul. Furthermore, Oreopithecus displays a mediolaterally wide tuft for a hominoid, as well as a palmarly elevated attachment for a long tendon of a flexor muscle that is associated at its proximal edge with a proximal fossa and at its distal edge with an ungual fossa. These nonmetrical traits have been associated in humans with their capability to oppose and contact the proximal pads of the thumb and fingers, that is, pad-to-pad precision grasping. These traits reinforce previous studies that indicate a human-like thumb-to-hand length ratio compatible with pad-to-pad precision grasping in Oreopithecus. Although specific hand use is still unresolved in Oreopithecus, the results suggest enhanced manipulative skills (unrelated to stone tool-making) in this taxon relative to other (extant or fossil) hominoids.