The spatio-temporal distribution of wild and domestic ungulates modulates lynx kill rates in a multi-use landscape
The spatio-temporal distribution of wild and domestic ungulates modulates lynx kill rates in a multi-use landscape
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DOI：
10.1111/jzo.12088
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Linnell, J. D. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gervasi, V.;Nilsen, E. B.;Linnell, J. D. C.
在大型食肉动物的回归在多用途景观中产生的冲突中，掠夺牲畜和与猎人争夺猎物物种是突出的。冲突的相对规模在很大程度上取决于捕食者一旦在一个新的区域建立了什么样的猎物选择模式。我们使用全球定位系统项圈研究了2006至2011年间挪威南部24只欧亚山猫的猎物选择和捕食率。我们记录了603次山猫对各种猎物的捕食事件，从雀形目动物到大型有蹄类动物。夏季，家羊是最常见的捕食对象，占被捕杀有蹄类的%，平均杀伤率为8.2%/100d，而鹿被捕杀的比例约为33%(杀伤率=4.2%/100d)。在没有绵羊的冬季，马鹿是最常见的猎物，约占猎物总数的73%，平均杀伤率为9.4/100d，马鹿的捕食率为17%，杀伤率为2.2/100d。无论猎物密度如何，被山猫杀死的猎物平均每100天提供400公斤肉类。在两个季节，每种山猫被山猫杀死的比例都是由所有猎物密度的综合作用决定的，因此野生有蹄类的密度可能会影响对绵羊的捕食速度，就像绵羊的数量对野生有蹄类的杀伤率有同样的影响一样。我们的结果强调了在牲畜和野生动物共存的多用途景观中食肉动物-有蹄类营养相互作用的复杂性，并表明如果在管理和保护的决策过程中不考虑这种复杂性，猎物、捕食者或两者的密度变化可能会产生不希望看到的结果。
Depredation on livestock and competition with hunters for game species are prominent among the conflicts that the return of large carnivores generates in multi-use landscapes. The relative magnitude of the conflict strongly depends on what prey selection patterns predators will adopt once established in a new area. We explored prey selection and kill rates from 24 Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx in Southern Norway, between 2006 and 2011, using Global Positioning System collars. We recorded 603 lynx predation events on a wide range of prey species, ranging from passerines to large ungulates. During summer, domestic sheep were the most frequent prey, representing 64% of the ungulates killed, for an average kill rate of 8.2/100 days, whereas roe deer Capreolus capreolus were killed in about 33% of cases (kill rate = 4.2/100 days). In winter, when sheep were unavailable, roe deer were the most frequent prey, accounting for about 73% of the kills, for an average kill rate of 9.4/100 days, whereas red deer were found at 17% of the kill sites, corresponding to a kill rate of 2.2/100 days. Lynx-killed prey provided an average of 400kg of meat per 100 days, irrespective of prey density. In both seasons, the proportion of each species killed by lynx was determined by the combined effect of all prey densities, so that the density of wild ungulates had the potential to affect the rate of depredation on sheep, to the same extent as the abundance of sheep could influence the kill rate on wild ungulates. Our results underline the complexity of carnivore-ungulate trophic interactions in multi-use landscapes where livestock and wildlife co-occur, and suggest that changes in densities of prey, predators or both may produce undesired outcomes, if such complexity is not taken into account during the decision-making process for management and conservation.