Macrofaunal Ecology of Sedimented Hydrothermal Vents in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica
Macrofaunal Ecology of Sedimented Hydrothermal Vents in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2016.00032
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Glover, Adrian G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bell, James B.;Woulds, Clare;Glover, Adrian G.
沉积的热液喷口是热的、富含矿物质的水流经沉积物的地方，在全球范围内，无论是在它们的分布还是在单个喷口领域的生态方面，人们都知之甚少。我们在南大洋一个以沉积物为宿主的热液喷口探索了大型动物群落生态。这是第一次对太平洋以外的这些生态系统进行这样的研究，也是所研究的喷口系统中最南端(S 62度)的地方。在布兰斯菲尔德海峡(南大洋)的四个区域采集了沉积动物样本，目的是对比喷口和非喷口地点的群落结构。喷口和非喷口之间的大型动物群组合明显不同，多样性、丰富度和密度都向最大热液活动方向下降。这一变化与太平洋类似系统的观测结果形成对比，表明了除化学合成初级生产力外，其他因素对深海喷口群落内动物群落结构的影响。喷口特有动物群的丰度有限，在热液活动区只有一种半翅目动物，这意味着当地的大多数生物群都是在其他地区也发现的生物群。有几个类群占据了所有采样点，但它们的相对丰度存在较大差异，表明群落是由生态位变异而不是扩散能力构成的。
Sedimented hydrothermal vents, where hot, mineral-rich water flows through sediment, are poorly understood globally, both in their distribution and the ecology of individual vent fields. We explored macrofaunal community ecology at a sediment-hosted hydrothermal vent in the Southern Ocean. This is the first such study of these ecosystems outside of the Pacific and the furthest south (62 degrees S) of any vent system studied. Sedimentary fauna were sampled in four areas of the Bransfield Strait (Southern Ocean), with the aim of contrasting community structure between vent and non-vent sites. Macrofaunal assemblages were clearly distinct between vent and non-vent sites, and diversity, richness, and density declined toward maximum hydrothermal activity. This variation is in contrast to observations from similar systems in the Pacific and demonstrates the influence of factors other than chemosynthetic primary productivity in structuring infauna at deep-sea vent communities. Vent endemic fauna had limited abundance and were represented by a single siboglinid species at hydrothermally active areas, meaning that that the majority of local biota were those also found in other areas. Several taxa occupied all sampling stations but there were large differences in their relative abundances, suggesting communities were structured by niche variation rather than dispersal ability.