Beneficial effect of low ethanol intake on the cardiovascular system: possible biochemical mechanisms.
Beneficial effect of low ethanol intake on the cardiovascular system: possible biochemical mechanisms.
复制标题
低乙醇摄入对心血管系统的有益作用：可能的生化机制。
DOI：
10.2147/vhrm.2006.2.3.263
复制
发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Singal, Pawan K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vasdev, Sudesh;Gill, Vicki;Singal, Pawan K
众所周知，低乙醇摄入量对心血管疾病有有益作用。在心血管疾病中，胰岛素抵抗导致葡萄糖和脂质代谢改变，导致醛类物质（包括甲基乙二醛）的产生增加。醛与蛋白质的巯基和氨基发生非酶性反应，形成晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs），改变蛋白质的结构和功能。这些改变引起内皮功能障碍，增加胞质游离钙、外周血管阻力和血压。AGEs具有致动脉粥样硬化作用，包括氧化应激、血小板粘附、炎症、平滑肌细胞增殖和脂蛋白修饰。低乙醇摄入量可减轻高血压和动脉粥样硬化，但其作用机制尚不清楚。低浓度的乙醇被低Km醇脱氢酶和醛脱氢酶代谢，这两种反应都产生还原性烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）。这创造了一个还原性的环境，通过脂质过氧化减少氧化应激和醛的二次生产。NADH也可能增加抗氧化剂半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽的组织水平，它们结合醛并刺激甲基乙二醛分解代谢。低乙醇可改善胰岛素抵抗，增加高密度脂蛋白，并刺激抗氧化酶对氧化酶的活性。综上所述，长期低乙醇摄入主要通过提高抗氧化能力和降低AGEs来发挥其有益作用。
Low ethanol intake is known to have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease. In cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance leads to altered glucose and lipid metabolism resulting in an increased production of aldehydes, including methylglyoxal. Aldehydes react non-enzymatically with sulfhydryl and amino groups of proteins forming advanced glycation end products (AGEs), altering protein structure and function. These alterations cause endothelial dysfunction with increased cytosolic free calcium, peripheral vascular resistance, and blood pressure. AGEs produce atherogenic effects including oxidative stress, platelet adhesion, inflammation, smooth muscle cell proliferation and modification of lipoproteins. Low ethanol intake attenuates hypertension and atherosclerosis but the mechanism of this effect is not clear. Ethanol at low concentrations is metabolized by low Km alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, both reactions resulting in the production of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). This creates a reductive environment, decreasing oxidative stress and secondary production of aldehydes through lipid peroxidation. NADH may also increase the tissue levels of the antioxidants cysteine and glutathione, which bind aldehydes and stimulate methylglyoxal catabolism. Low ethanol improves insulin resistance, increases high-density lipoprotein and stimulates activity of the antioxidant enzyme, paraoxonase. In conclusion, we suggest that chronic low ethanol intake confers its beneficial effect mainly through its ability to increase antioxidant capacity and lower AGEs.