Analyzing Negative Experiences Without Ruminating: The Role of Self-Distancing in Enabling Adaptive Self-Reflection
Analyzing Negative Experiences Without Ruminating: The Role of Self-Distancing in Enabling Adaptive Self-Reflection
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00301.x
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发表时间：
2010-10-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Kross, Ethan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ayduk, Ozlem;Kross, Ethan
共同的直觉和多个领域的研究结果都表明，当面对痛苦的经历时，理解一个人的感受是有帮助的。然而，大量的研究也表明，人们试图理解自己的感受往往适得其反，导致他们沉思，感觉更糟。在这篇文章中，我们描述了一个研究项目，重点是解开这些看似矛盾的发现。我们描述的研究项目提出，在决定人们试图理解自己的感受是否会导致适应性或不适应性的自我反思方面，与自我的心理距离起着关键作用。这表明，人们试图理解自己的感受往往会失败，因为他们从自我沉浸的角度而不是自我距离的角度来分析自己的感受。从多个层面分析的经验证据提出，以支持这一预测。讨论了这些发现的基础科学和临床意义。
Both common intuition and findings from multiple areas of research suggest that when faced with distressing experiences, it is helpful to understand one's feelings. However, a large body of research also indicates that people's attempts to make sense of their feelings often backfire, leading them to ruminate and feel worse. In this article, we describe a program of research that focuses on disentangling these seemingly contradictory sets of findings. The research program we describe proposes that psychological distance from the self plays a key role in determining whether people's attempts to understand their feelings lead to adaptive or maladaptive self-reflection. It suggests that people's attempts to understand their feelings often fail because they analyze their feelings from a self-immersed perspective rather than a self-distanced perspective. Empirical evidence from multiple levels of analysis is presented to support this prediction. The basic science and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.