Token+constraint systems for tangible interaction with digital information
Token+constraint systems for tangible interaction with digital information
复制标题
与数字信息有形交互的令牌约束系统
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Jacob
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brygg Ullmer;H. Ishii;R. Jacob
我们确定并提出了一种基于令牌和约束系统的有形用户界面的主要交互方法。在这些接口中，令牌是表示数字信息的离散物理对象。限制因素限制了映射到数字操作的区域。这些通常体现为机械地引导令牌如何被操纵的结构，通常将其运动限制在单一自由度。在约束系统中放置和操作令牌可用于调用和控制各种计算解释。讨论了令牌+约束方法的性质；考虑它们区别于其他界面方法的优势；并用11个过去和最近的支持系统来说明这个概念。我们提出了一些支持这些接口的概念背景，并根据belllotti等人[2002]提出的基于感知的交互的五个问题来考虑它们。我们相信这个讨论支持令牌+约束系统作为一种强大而有前途的基于感知的交互方法。
We identify and present a major interaction approach for tangible user interfaces based upon systems of tokens and constraints. In these interfaces, tokens are discrete physical objects which represent digital information. Constraints are confining regions that are mapped to digital operations. These are frequently embodied as structures that mechanically channel how tokens can be manipulated, often limiting their movement to a single degree of freedom. Placing and manipulating tokens within systems of constraints can be used to invoke and control a variety of computational interpretations.We discuss the properties of the token+constraint approach; consider strengths that distinguish them from other interface approaches; and illustrate the concept with eleven past and recent supporting systems. We present some of the conceptual background supporting these interfaces, and consider them in terms of Bellotti et al.'s [2002] five questions for sensing-based interaction. We believe this discussion supports token+constraint systems as a powerful and promising approach for sensing-based interaction.