Obligate biotrophy features unraveled by the genomic analysis of rust fungi
Obligate biotrophy features unraveled by the genomic analysis of rust fungi
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1019315108
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发表时间：
2011-05-31
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Martin, Francis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duplessis, Sebastien;Cuomo, Christina A.;Martin, Francis
锈菌是农作物最具破坏性的病原体之一。它们是专性生物营养生物，仅从活的植物组织中提取营养，并且不能脱离宿主而生长。他们的生活方式减缓了对宿主入侵和避免或抑制植物先天免疫的分子机制的剖析。我们对杨叶锈病病原 Meampsora larici-populina 的 101 Mb 基因组和 Puccinia graminis f 的 89 Mb 基因组进行了测序。 sp。小麦，小麦和大麦茎锈病的致病因子。然后，我们将落叶松杨的 16,399 个预测蛋白与 P. graminis f 的 17,773 个预测蛋白进行了比较。小麦SP。与它们的专性生物营养生活方式相关的基因组特征包括扩大的谱系特异性基因家族、大量的效应子样小分泌蛋白、受损的氮和硫同化途径以及扩大的氨基酸和寡肽膜转运蛋白家族。植物中编码小分泌蛋白、分泌水解酶和转运蛋白的转录物的显着上调表明它们在宿主感染和营养获取中发挥作用。其中一些基因组标志反映在其他独立进化以感染植物的微生物真核生物的基因组中，表明对植物细胞内生物营养存在的趋同适应。
Rust fungi are some of the most devastating pathogens of crop plants. They are obligate biotrophs, which extract nutrients only from living plant tissues and cannot grow apart from their hosts. Their lifestyle has slowed the dissection of molecular mechanisms underlying host invasion and avoidance or suppression of plant innate immunity. We sequenced the 101-Mb genome of Melampsora larici-populina, the causal agent of poplar leaf rust, and the 89-Mb genome of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, the causal agent of wheat and barley stem rust. We then compared the 16,399 predicted proteins of M. larici-populina with the 17,773 predicted proteins of P. graminis f. sp tritici. Genomic features related to their obligate biotrophic lifestyle include expanded lineage-specific gene families, a large repertoire of effector-like small secreted proteins, impaired nitrogen and sulfur assimilation pathways, and expanded families of amino acid and oligopeptide membrane transporters. The dramatic up-regulation of transcripts coding for small secreted proteins, secreted hydrolytic enzymes, and transporters in planta suggests that they play a role in host infection and nutrient acquisition. Some of these genomic hallmarks are mirrored in the genomes of other microbial eukaryotes that have independently evolved to infect plants, indicating convergent adaptation to a biotrophic existence inside plant cells.