Source-to-Tap Assessment of Microbiological Water Quality in Small Rural Drinking Water Systems in Puerto Rico Six Months After Hurricane Maria
Source-to-Tap Assessment of Microbiological Water Quality in Small Rural Drinking Water Systems in Puerto Rico Six Months After Hurricane Maria
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.0c08814
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发表时间：
2021-03-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Rhoads, William J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Keenum, Ishi;Medina, Melitza Crespo;Rhoads, William J.
2017 年 9 月 20 日，4 级飓风玛丽亚在波多黎各登陆，造成严重洪水、大范围停电、基础设施受损以及供水和废水处理中断。小型农村社区供水系统在提供饮用水方面面临着独特的挑战，而自然灾害后这种挑战会加剧。这项研究的目的是评估玛丽亚事件发生六个月后波多黎各六个非常小的农村公共供水系统和一个大型监管系统的功能，并调查从源头到自来水的广泛粪便、人畜共患和机会性病原体。样品是在水处理后并分发给家庭后从地表水和地下水源采集的。致病性钩端螺旋体的基因指示。在所有依赖地表水源的系统中均通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测到。沙门氏菌属通过培养和 PCR 检测，在地表水和地下水源以及一些供水系统水中均检测到了这种物质。军团菌属和分枝杆菌属。通过定量 PCR 测量的基因数量与美国大陆的非爆发条件相似。扩增子测序为其他潜在的关注病原体提供了非目标筛选。这项研究有助于改善自然灾害后小型农村供水系统的未来准备、评估和恢复操作。
Maria made a landfall in Puerto Rico on September 20, 2017 as a category 4 hurricane, causing severe flooding, widespread electricity outages, damage to infrastructure, and interruptions in water and wastewater treatment. Small rural community water systems face unique challenges in providing drinking water, which intensify after natural disasters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functionality of six very small rural public water systems and one large regulated system in Puerto Rico six months after Maria and survey a broad sweep of fecal, zoonotic, and opportunistic pathogens from the source to tap. Samples were collected from surface and groundwater sources, after water treatment and after distribution to households. Genes indicative of pathogenic Leptospira spp. were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in all systems reliant on surface water sources. Salmonella spp. was detected in surface and groundwater sources and some distribution system water both by culture and PCR. Legionella spp. and Mycobacteria spp. gene numbers measured by quantitative PCR were similar to nonoutbreak conditions in the continental U.S. Amplicon sequencing provided a nontarget screen for other potential pathogens of concern. This study aids in improving future preparedness, assessment, and recovery operations for small rural water systems after natural disasters.