Everything in Modulation: Neuromodulators as Keys to Understanding Communication Dynamics
Everything in Modulation: Neuromodulators as Keys to Understanding Communication Dynamics
复制标题
一切尽在调制：神经调制器是理解沟通动态的关键
DOI：
10.1093/icb/icab102
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Zornik, Erik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barkan, Charlotte L;Leininger, Elizabeth C;Zornik, Erik
在整个动物王国中，产生适合社交遭遇的通信信号的能力至关重要，但如何以依赖于环境的方式选择和调整这些行为却知之甚少。这个问题可以在很多层面上得到解决，包括外周器官和中枢神经系统的感觉处理、决策大脑区域的感觉运动整合以及运动回路的激活和调节。由于神经调节系统在每个级别上发挥作用，因此它们是探索复杂通信模式背后机制的有用镜头。几十年来，我们已经清楚地认识到，理解神经系统输入输出决策的逻辑需要的不仅仅是简单地识别连接感觉器官和运动回路的连接；还需要了解神经系统的输入输出决策逻辑。这部分是由于神经调节剂可以促进对相似信号的不同的、暂时的动态反应。我们专注于爪蟾的声路动力学，并描述来自不同脊椎动物通信系统的补充示例。虽然关于神经调节剂如何指导沟通行为的灵活性还有很多待发现，但这些例子表明，几种神经调节剂可以在多个控制级别作用于同一回路，并且神经调节的功能结果可能取决于物种特异性因素以及动态有机体特征（如内部状态）。
Across the animal kingdom, the ability to produce communication signals appropriate to social encounters is essential, but how these behaviors are selected and adjusted in a context-dependent manner are poorly understood. This question can be addressed on many levels, including sensory processing by peripheral organs and the central nervous system, sensorimotor integration in decision-making brain regions, and motor circuit activation and modulation. Because neuromodulator systems act at each of these levels, they are a useful lens through which to explore the mechanisms underlying complex patterns of communication. It has been clear for decades that understanding the logic of input–output decision making by the nervous system requires far more than simply identifying the connections linking sensory organs to motor circuits; this is due in part to the fact that neuromodulators can promote distinct and temporally dynamic responses to similar signals. We focus on the vocal circuit dynamics ofXenopusfrogs, and describe complementary examples from diverse vertebrate communication systems. While much remains to be discovered about how neuromodulators direct flexibility in communication behaviors, these examples illustrate that several neuromodulators can act upon the same circuit at multiple levels of control, and that the functional consequence of neuromodulation can depend on species-specific factors as well as dynamic organismal characteristics like internal state.