Working memory and inference revision in brain-damaged and normally aging adults.
Working memory and inference revision in brain-damaged and normally aging adults.
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大脑受损和正常衰老的成年人的工作记忆和推理修正。
DOI：
10.1044/jshr.3704.896
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Baumgaertner,A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tompkins,CA;Bloise,CG;Timko,ML;Baumgaertner,A
本研究探讨了估计的工作记忆（WM）容量和需要修改的初始解释的段落的理解之间的关联。预测源于最近阐述的能力限制理解理论（Just & Carpenter，1992，Psychological Review，99，122-149），其中包括作为一个主要特征的原则，即工作记忆影响理解只有当处理要求接近或超过能力的限制。正如任务分析所预期的那样，单侧脑损伤患者的估计WM容量和话语理解性能之间的相关性对于非要求性措施是最小的，并且随着任务处理要求的增加而增加。最值得注意的是，对于右半球脑损伤的成年人来说，只有被认为涉及最苛刻的理解过程的任务才出现有意义的相关性（/r/大于0.50）。对于正常老化的受试者，估计WM容量和任务表现之间没有任何有意义的关联，预计他们不会有任何困难，我们的理解措施。WM赤字的性质在脑损伤的成年人（总容量，与资源分配，与缓慢或其他故障组件处理操作）被认为是，和一些现有的工作是从认知资源的角度来解释。工作记忆/资源框架的理论意义和临床适用性进行了讨论。
This study examined the association between estimated working memory (WM) capacity and comprehension of passages that required revision of an initial interpretation. Predictions stemmed from the recently elaborated theory of capacity-constrained comprehension (Just & Carpenter, 1992,Psychological Review, 99, 122–149), which includes as a major feature the principle that WM influences comprehension only as processing demands approach or exceed the limits of capacity. As anticipated from task analysis, correlations between unilaterally brain-damaged patients’ estimated WM capacity and discourse comprehension performance were minimal for nondemanding measures, and increased in magnitude with task processing requirements. Most notably, a meaningful correlation (/r/ greater than .50) emerged only for the task judged to involve the most demanding comprehension processes, for adults with right hemisphere brain damage. No meaningful associations between estimated WM capacity and task performance were observed for normally aging subjects, who were not expected to have difficulty with any of our comprehension measures. The nature of WM deficits in brain-damaged adults (total capacity, vs. resource allocation, vs. slow or otherwise faulty component processing operations) is considered, and some existing work is interpreted from a cognitive resource perspective. Theoretical implications and clinical applicability of the working memory/resource framework are also discussed.