Current trends of blood lead levels, distribution patterns and exposure variations among household members in Kabwe, Zambia
Current trends of blood lead levels, distribution patterns and exposure variations among household members in Kabwe, Zambia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125412
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Ishizuka, Mayumi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yabe, John;Nakayama, Shouta M. M.;Ishizuka, Mayumi
儿童铅中毒对神经发育具有破坏性影响，并引起明显的临床症状，包括抽搐和昏迷。据报道，对成年人的健康影响包括高血压和各种生殖问题。赞比亚Kabwe镇历史悠久的铅矿开采留下了环境污染和儿童铅中毒的后遗症。目前的研究旨在确定Kabwe家庭成员之间的铅中毒程度和暴露差异，以及确定高危人群和确定适合螯合治疗的儿童。于2017年7月和8月采集了1190名家庭成员的血液样本，并使用便携式LeadCare-II分析仪测量了铅含量。参与者包括来自13个不同程度铅污染的乡镇的291名幼儿（3个月至3岁），271名较大的儿童（4-9岁），412名母亲和216名父亲。血铅水平（BLL）范围为1.65至162 μ g/dL，其中Kasanda居民的血铅水平最高（平均45.7 μ g/dL）， Hamududu居民的血铅水平最低（平均3.3 μ g/dL）。在抽样的儿童总数（n = 562）中，23%超过了螯合治疗所需的阈值45 μ g/dL。少数儿童（5名）超过100 μ g/dL，而没有家长超过100 μ g/dL。儿童的英语水平高于父母，在2岁时达到高峰。卡布韦的铅暴露差异归因于与矿井的距离和方向，年龄较小的儿童风险最高。父母的暴露水平同样令人担忧。为了及时诊断和治疗，Kabwe最好使用便携式护理点设备，如LeadCare-II。(C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Childhood lead (Pb) poisoning has devastating effects on neurodevelopment and causes overt clinical signs including convulsions and coma. Health effects including hypertension and various reproductive problems have been reported in adults. Historical Pb mining in Zambia's Kabwe town left a legacy of environmental pollution and childhood Pb poisoning. The current study aimed at establishing the extent of Pb poisoning and exposure differences among family members in Kabwe as well as determining populations at risk and identify children eligible for chelation therapy. Blood samples were collected in July and August 2017 from 1190 household members and Pb was measured using a portable LeadCare-II analyser. Participants included 291 younger children (3-months to 3-years-old), 271 older children (4-9-years-old), 412 mothers and 216 fathers from 13 townships with diverse levels of Pb contamination. The Blood Lead Levels (BLL) ranged from 1.65 to 162 mu g/dL, with residents from Kasanda (mean 45.7 mu g/dL) recording the highest BLL while Hamududu residents recorded the lowest (mean 3.3 mu g/dL). Of the total number of children sampled (n = 562), 23% exceeded the 45 mu g/dL, the threshold required for chelation therapy. A few children (5) exceeded the 100 mu g/dL whereas none of the parents exceeded the 100 mu g/dL value. Children had higher BLL than parents, with peak BLL-recorded at the age of 2-years-old. Lead exposure differences in Kabwe were attributed to distance and direction from the mine, with younger children at highest risk. Exposure levels in parents were equally alarming. For prompt diagnosis and treatment, a portable point-of-care devise such as a LeadCare-II would be preferable in Kabwe. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.