Out of sight, but not out of mind: 21-month-olds use syntactic information to learn verbs even in the absence of a corresponding event.
Out of sight, but not out of mind: 21-month-olds use syntactic information to learn verbs even in the absence of a corresponding event.
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DOI：
10.1080/01690965.2011.641744
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Waxman SR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arunachalam S;Escovar E;Hansen MA;Waxman SR
到27个月大时，幼儿在听到及物句法中的新动词时，能够(1)即使在没有相关视觉场景的情况下，也能仅根据动词的句法属性建立动词的初始表征；(2)稍后当一个候选的致使指涉物进入视野时，能够检索到这个表征。这种能力很重要，因为母亲在与孩子交谈时使用的动词中，有60%以上是指目前无法观察到的事件。在这里，我们以两种方式推进这一发现。首先，我们在21个月大的婴儿身上展示了同样的能力，他们在自己的作品中还没有表现出对及物结构的掌握。其次，我们通过对幼儿眼睛注视的分析来探索他们处理新动词并在候选场景出现时分配其所指的时间过程。这些结果(1)提供了第一个证据，证明21个月大的婴儿仅从语法上就能建立对新动词意义的表征；(2)证明他们对新动词的处理和赋予意义的过程与对新名词的处理和赋予意义的过程相似。因此，这些发现与我们对单词学习和新单词词汇加工的理解有关。
By 27 months of age, toddlers hearing a novel verb in transitive syntax are able to (1) establish an initial representation for the verb based on its syntactic properties alone, even in the absence of a relevant visual scene, and (2) retrieve this representation later when a candidate causative referent comes into view. This ability is important considering that over 60% of the verbs that mothers produce in conversations with their children refer to events that are not currently observable. Here, we advance this finding in two ways. First, we demonstrate the same ability in 21-month-olds, who do not yet show mastery of transitive structures in their own productions. Second, we use analyses of toddlers’ eye gaze to explore the time-course with which they process the novel verb and assign its referent when candidate scenes become available. These results (1) provide the first evidence that 21-month-olds establish a representation of a novel verb's meaning from syntax alone, and (2) establish that they process and assign meaning to novel verbs with a similar time-course to that for novel nouns. The findings are thus relevant to our understanding of both word learning and lexical processing of novel words.
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影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Arunachalam, Sudha;Waxman, Sandra R.
通讯作者：
Waxman, Sandra R.
影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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