What externally presented information do VRUs require when interacting with fully Automated Road Transport Systems in shared space?
What externally presented information do VRUs require when interacting with fully Automated Road Transport Systems in shared space?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2018.03.018
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Schieben, Anna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Merat, Natasha;Louw, Tyron;Schieben, Anna
随着部署自动(无人驾驶)车辆的需求增加，需要了解它们如何在混合交通、城市、环境中与其他道路使用者通信。在驾驶座上没有积极负责的人类管制员，目前可能在不确定/冲突的情况下与其他道路使用者交流，未来，理解无人驾驶汽车的行为和意图将需要通过容易理解、直观和普遍理解的方式传达，可能需要通过新的车辆接口在外部呈现。本文报告了一项基于问卷的研究结果，该研究在欧洲三个城市的自动道路运输系统(ARTS；SAE Level 4)的现场演示中招募了664名参与者。问卷征询了行人和骑自行车的人的意见，重点是受访者是否觉得在共享空间与艺术互动是安全的，以及外部展示的艺术出行行为信息对他们来说是重要的。结果显示，当艺术品在指定的车道上行驶时，大多数行人感觉更安全，而不是在共享空间中，而且大多数人认为，在没有这样的基础设施的情况下，他们比艺术品更优先。无论车道划分如何，所有受访者都强调了接收有关艺术品行为的一些沟通信息的重要性，其中最重要的信息是确认车辆发现了它们。关于这些外部信息的方式偏好，受访者没有明确的模式，文化和基础设施差异被认为是决定回应的因素。然而，一般而言，常规信号(灯光和嘟嘟声)比基于文本的消息和口语更受欢迎。结果表明，除非这些无人驾驶车辆能够在与其他道路使用者的交互过程中提供普遍可理解的外部呈现的信息或消息，否则它们可能会导致这些参与者之间的混乱和冲突的交互，特别是在共享空间的环境中，这可能会因此减少有效的交通流量。
As the desire for deploying automated ("driverless") vehicles increases, there is a need to understand how they might communicate with other road users in a mixed traffic, urban, setting. In the absence of an active and responsible human controller in the driving seat, who might currently communicate with other road users in uncertain/conflicting situations, in the future, understanding a driverless car's behaviour and intentions will need to be relayed via easily comprehensible, intuitive and universally intelligible means, perhaps presented externally via new vehicle interfaces. This paper reports on the results of a questionnaire-based study, delivered to 664 participants, recruited during live demonstrations of an Automated Road Transport Systems (ARTS; SAE Level 4), in three European cities. The questionnaire sought the views of pedestrians and cyclists, focussing on whether respondents felt safe interacting with ARTS in shared space, and also what externally presented travel behaviour information from the ARTS was important to them. Results showed that most pedestrians felt safer when the ARTS were travelling in designated lanes, rather than in shared space, and the majority believed they had priority over the ARTS, in the absence of such infrastructure. Regardless of lane demarcations, all respondents highlighted the importance of receiving some communication information about the behaviour of the ARTS, with acknowledgement of their detection by the vehicle being the most important message. There were no clear patterns across the respondents, regarding preference of modality for these external messages, with cultural and infrastructural differences thought to govern responses. Generally, however, conventional signals (lights and beeps) were preferred to text-based messages and spoken words. The results suggest that until these driverless vehicles are able to provide universally comprehensible externally presented information or messages during interaction with other road users, they are likely to contribute to confusing and conflicting interactions between these actors, especially in a shared space setting, which may, therefore, reduce efficient traffic flow.