Females increase offspring heterozygosity and fitness through extra-pair matings
Females increase offspring heterozygosity and fitness through extra-pair matings
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DOI：
10.1038/nature01969
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发表时间：
2003-10-16
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Kempenaers, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Foerster, K;Delhey, K;Kempenaers, B
在许多物种中，雌性通常与多个雄性交配，有证据表明，它们通过产生更高遗传质量的后代而受益（1-3）;然而，这些遗传益处的性质存在争议（1-4）。后代存活率或质量的提高可能来自父本基因的内在效应--“好基因”--或来自母本和父本基因组之间的相互作用--“相容基因”（1-5）。后一个过程的证据正在积累（2，6）：亲属之间的交配会导致繁殖成功率下降，而近亲繁殖的个体水平（以平均杂合性衡量）是一个强有力的适应性预测因子（7-13）。因此，女性应该受益于与基因不同的男性交配（2，14）。在许多鸟类中，社会一夫一妻制限制了配偶的选择，但雌性可能会通过追求额外的配对来规避这一点（15，16）。在这里，我们表明，女性蓝山雀，山雀，增加其后代的杂合性，通过额外的配对交配。因此，雌性产生的后代具有更高的生殖价值，因为近亲繁殖的个体越少，生存机会越大，雄性的第二性征（冠色）越复杂，生殖成功率也越高。因此，近亲繁殖的代价可能是推动雌性额外配对进化的一个重要因素。
Females in a variety of species commonly mate with multiple males, and there is evidence that they benefit by producing offspring of higher genetic quality(1-3); however, the nature of these genetic benefits is debated(1-4). Enhanced offspring survival or quality can result from intrinsic effects of paternal genes- 'good genes'-or from interactions between the maternal and paternal genomes-'compatible genes'(1-5). Evidence for the latter process is accumulating(2,6): matings between relatives lead to decreased reproductive success, and the individual level of inbreeding-measured as average heterozygosity-is a strong fitness predictor(7-13). Females should thus benefit from mating with genetically dissimilar males(2,14). In many birds, social monogamy restricts mate choice, but females may circumvent this by pursuing extra-pair copulations(15,16). Here we show that female blue tits, Parus caeruleus, increase the heterozygosity of their progeny through extra-pair matings. Females thereby produce offspring of higher reproductive value, because less inbred individuals have increased survival chances, a more elaborate male secondary sexual trait (crown colour) and higher reproductive success. The cost of inbreeding may therefore be an important factor driving the evolution of female extra-pair mating.