Perception of conversations: The importance of semantics and intonation in children's development
Perception of conversations: The importance of semantics and intonation in children's development
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jecp.2013.06.005
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Daum, Moritz M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keitel, Anne;Prinz, Wolfgang;Daum, Moritz M.
在谈话中，成年人很容易察觉并预料到发言者的结束。然而，人们对这种能力的发展知之甚少。我们讨论了会话话轮转换感知的两个重要方面：语义内容和语调形式。语义的影响进行了调查，测试前语言和语言的儿童。语调的影响进行了测试，向参与者提供两个二元对话的视频：一个正常的语调和一个扁平（删除）语调。四个不同年龄组的儿童两个前语言组（6个月和12个月大）和两个语言组（24个月和36个月大）和一个成年组参加。他们的眼球运动被记录下来，并分析了预期转向的频率。我们的研究结果表明：（a）只有3岁的儿童和成人对话轮的预期是可靠的，年幼的儿童会在说话者之间转移视线，而不管话轮的转换;（B）只有3岁的儿童在语调正常的情况下对话轮的预期更好。这些结果表明，只有在儿童对语言有了复杂的理解之后，他们才能以与成年人相当（但不完全相同）的方式预测对话中的转折。与成人相比，3岁儿童在感知会话话轮转换时更依赖韵律信息。(C)2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
In conversations, adults readily detect and anticipate the end of a speaker's turn. However, little is known about the development of this ability. We addressed two important aspects involved in the perception of conversational turn taking: semantic content and intonational form. The influence of semantics was investigated by testing prelinguistic and linguistic children. The influence of intonation was tested by presenting participants with videos of two dyadic conversations: one with normal intonation and one with flattened (removed) intonation. Children of four different age groups-two prelinguistic groups (6- and 12-month-olds)-and two linguistic groups (24- and 36-month-olds) and an adult group participated. Their eye movements were recorded, and the frequency of anticipated turns was analyzed. Our results show that (a) the anticipation of turns was reliable only in 3-year-olds and adults, with younger children shifting their gaze between speakers regardless of the turn taking, and (b) only 3-year-olds anticipated turns better if intonation was normal. These results indicate that children anticipate turns in conversations in a manner comparable (but not identical) to adults only after they have developed a sophisticated understanding of language. In contrast to adults, 3-year-olds rely more strongly on prosodic information during the perception of conversational turn taking. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.