The Effect of Unconventional Cytokine Combinations on NK-Cell Responses to Viral Infection.
The Effect of Unconventional Cytokine Combinations on NK-Cell Responses to Viral Infection.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2021.645850
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Waggoner SN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ochayon DE;Waggoner SN
细胞因子是决定免疫应答的可溶性和膜结合因子。教条地，细胞因子被分成促进1型细胞介导的免疫应答的家族（例如，IL-12）或2型体液应答（例如，IL-4），每一种都能够拮抗相反的细胞因子家族。细胞因子的其他家族的发现（例如，IL-17）增加了该模型的复杂性，但正是认识到免疫应答经常包含不同类型的细胞因子的混合物，才打破了这种黑白白色范例。在某些情况下，一种类型的反应可能主导疾病发病机制中的这些混合环境，从而提供明确的治疗靶点。或者，协同或混合的细胞因子反应可能会混淆疾病的起源并困扰临床决策。大多数免疫细胞表达多种类型细胞因子的受体，并且可以介导对于耐受性、免疫、组织损伤和修复重要的无数功能。在这篇综述中，我们将描述各种细胞因子对原型1型效应器，自然杀伤（NK）细胞的活性的非常规影响，并讨论这可能如何影响这些细胞对健康和疾病的贡献。
Cytokines are soluble and membrane-bound factors that dictate immune responses. Dogmatically, cytokines are divided into families that promote type 1 cell-mediated immune responses (e.g., IL-12) or type 2 humoral responses (e.g., IL-4), each capable of antagonizing the opposing family of cytokines. The discovery of additional families of cytokines (e.g., IL-17) has added complexity to this model, but it was the realization that immune responses frequently comprise mixtures of different types of cytokines that dismantled this black-and-white paradigm. In some cases, one type of response may dominate these mixed milieus in disease pathogenesis and thereby present a clear therapeutic target. Alternatively, synergistic or blended cytokine responses may obfuscate the origins of disease and perplex clinical decision making. Most immune cells express receptors for many types of cytokines and can mediate a myriad of functions important for tolerance, immunity, tissue damage, and repair. In this review, we will describe the unconventional effects of a variety of cytokines on the activity of a prototypical type 1 effector, the natural killer (NK) cell, and discuss how this may impact the contributions of these cells to health and disease.
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